TY - JOUR
T1 - Serous business: Delineating the broad spectrum of diseases with subretinal fluid in the macula
AU - van Dijk, Elon H. C.
AU - Boon, Camiel J. F.
N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the following foundations: Stichting Macula Fonds; Retina Nederland Onderzoek Fonds; Stichting Blinden-Penning; Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter Voorkoming van Blindheid; Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden , which contributed through UitZicht (Delft, the Netherlands); Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen (Rotterdam, the Netherlands); Stichting Leids Oogheelkundig Ondersteuningsfonds (Leiden, the Netherlands); Stichting Blindenhulp (The Hague, the Netherlands); Stichting Ooglijders (Rotterdam, the Netherlands); the Gisela Thier Fellowship of Leiden University , Leiden, the Netherlands (to CJFB); and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VENI grant to CJFB). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - A wide range of ocular diseases can present with serous subretinal fluid in the macula and therefore clinically mimic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). In this manuscript, we categorise the diseases and conditions that are part of the differential diagnosis into 12 main pathogenic subgroups: neovascular diseases, vitelliform lesions, inflammatory diseases, ocular tumours, haematological malignancies, paraneoplastic syndromes, genetic diseases, ocular developmental anomalies, medication-related conditions and toxicity-related diseases, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and tractional retinal detachment, retinal vascular diseases, and miscellaneous diseases. In addition, we describe 2 new clinical pictures associated with macular subretinal fluid accumulation, namely serous maculopathy with absence of retinal pigment epithelium (SMARPE) and serous maculopathy due to aspecific choroidopathy (SMACH). Differentiating between these various diseases and CSC can be challenging, and obtaining the correct diagnosis can have immediate therapeutic and prognostic consequences. Here, we describe the key differential diagnostic features of each disease within this clinical spectrum, including representative case examples. Moreover, we discuss the pathogenesis of each disease in order to facilitate the differentiation from typical CSC.
AB - A wide range of ocular diseases can present with serous subretinal fluid in the macula and therefore clinically mimic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). In this manuscript, we categorise the diseases and conditions that are part of the differential diagnosis into 12 main pathogenic subgroups: neovascular diseases, vitelliform lesions, inflammatory diseases, ocular tumours, haematological malignancies, paraneoplastic syndromes, genetic diseases, ocular developmental anomalies, medication-related conditions and toxicity-related diseases, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and tractional retinal detachment, retinal vascular diseases, and miscellaneous diseases. In addition, we describe 2 new clinical pictures associated with macular subretinal fluid accumulation, namely serous maculopathy with absence of retinal pigment epithelium (SMARPE) and serous maculopathy due to aspecific choroidopathy (SMACH). Differentiating between these various diseases and CSC can be challenging, and obtaining the correct diagnosis can have immediate therapeutic and prognostic consequences. Here, we describe the key differential diagnostic features of each disease within this clinical spectrum, including representative case examples. Moreover, we discuss the pathogenesis of each disease in order to facilitate the differentiation from typical CSC.
KW - Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC)
KW - Differential diagnosis
KW - Retinal disease
KW - Serous fluid accumulation
KW - Serous maculopathy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108541138&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100955
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100955
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33716160
SN - 1350-9462
VL - 84
JO - Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
JF - Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
M1 - 100955
ER -