TY - JOUR
T1 - Serum carotenoid concentrations and their association with ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes within the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study
AU - Flores Sanchez, P.
AU - Muilwijk, M.
AU - Nicolaou, M.
AU - Snijder, M. B.
AU - Peters, R. J. G.
AU - van Valkengoed, I. G. M.
N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the AMC Biobank for their support in biobank management and high-quality storage of collected samples. We are grateful to the participants of the HELIUS study and the management team, research nurses, interviewers, research assistants and other staff who have taken part in this study. Financial support: The work of M.M. and I.G.M.V. was supported by the Health Programme 2014–2020 from the European Union, grant number 664609 HP-PJ-2014. The HELIUS study is conducted by the Amsterdam UMC and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. Both organisations provided core support to HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the European Union (FP-7) and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF). The European Union, The Dutch Heart Foundation, ZonMw and EIF had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship: P.F.S., M.M. and M.N. designed the study. P.F.S. performed data analysis and wrote the manuscript together with M.M. I.G.M.V., M.N., R.J.G.P. and M.B.S. contributed to the interpretation of results. All authors critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the version to be published. I.G.M.V. is the guarantor. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving study participants were approved by the AMC Ethical Review Board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Publisher Copyright: © Authors 2020.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - Objective:Studies have reported an inverse association between a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but data on high-risk ethnic minority groups is limited. We investigated whether serum carotenoids, as biomarkers for fruit and vegetable intake, mediate ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D.Design:Age-adjusted serum carotenoid concentrations were compared using ANCOVA. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using Cox regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95 % CI of the association between serum carotenoid concentrations and T2D. To study whether serum carotenoids potentially mediate the differences in the prevalence of T2D across ethnic groups, we compared PR of the model including known risk factors and the model additionally adjusted for serum carotenoid concentrations using the Dutch group as reference.Setting:A study among six ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Participants:Data on 204 Dutch, 203 South Asian Surinamese, 204 African Surinamese, 203 Turkish and 200 Moroccan-origin participants from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study were used.Results:Serum carotenoid concentrations differed across ethnic groups. After adjusting for confounders, the serum concentrations of total carotenoids (PR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·84), α-carotene (PR 0·57, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·77), β-carotene (PR 0·45, 95 % CI 0·32, 0·63) and β-cryptoxanthin (PR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·92) were inversely associated with T2D. Despite the associations, serum carotenoids did not mediate the ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D.Conclusions:The limited contribution of serum carotenoids to ethnic differences in T2D suggests that a focus on increasing fruit and vegetable intake alone will not likely eliminate ethnic differences in T2D prevalence.
AB - Objective:Studies have reported an inverse association between a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but data on high-risk ethnic minority groups is limited. We investigated whether serum carotenoids, as biomarkers for fruit and vegetable intake, mediate ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D.Design:Age-adjusted serum carotenoid concentrations were compared using ANCOVA. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using Cox regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95 % CI of the association between serum carotenoid concentrations and T2D. To study whether serum carotenoids potentially mediate the differences in the prevalence of T2D across ethnic groups, we compared PR of the model including known risk factors and the model additionally adjusted for serum carotenoid concentrations using the Dutch group as reference.Setting:A study among six ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Participants:Data on 204 Dutch, 203 South Asian Surinamese, 204 African Surinamese, 203 Turkish and 200 Moroccan-origin participants from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study were used.Results:Serum carotenoid concentrations differed across ethnic groups. After adjusting for confounders, the serum concentrations of total carotenoids (PR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·84), α-carotene (PR 0·57, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·77), β-carotene (PR 0·45, 95 % CI 0·32, 0·63) and β-cryptoxanthin (PR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·92) were inversely associated with T2D. Despite the associations, serum carotenoids did not mediate the ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D.Conclusions:The limited contribution of serum carotenoids to ethnic differences in T2D suggests that a focus on increasing fruit and vegetable intake alone will not likely eliminate ethnic differences in T2D prevalence.
KW - Ethnic differences
KW - HELIUS study
KW - Serum carotenoids
KW - Type 2 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085210162&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019004968
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019004968
M3 - Article
C2 - 32366346
SN - 1368-9800
VL - 24
SP - 1362
EP - 1371
JO - Public health nutrition
JF - Public health nutrition
IS - 6
ER -