TY - JOUR
T1 - Skin Sensitization Tests: The LLNA and the RhE IL-18 Potency Assay
AU - Corsini, Emanuela
AU - Gibbs, Sue
AU - Roggen, Erwin
AU - Kimber, Ian
AU - Basketter, David A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Contact allergy is of considerable importance to the toxicologist, and regulatory authorities worldwide require testing for skin sensitization potential and appropriate hazard labeling to enable management of the risk to human health. Although traditionally the identification of skin-sensitizing chemicals has been carried out using animal models, in Europe legislative changes have promoted, and now require, the use of non-animal methods (i.e., Cosmetic Directive, REACH). Several in vitro alternatives for hazard identification have now been validated, but do not provide information on the potency of a skin sensitizer. Here, we describe an animal model, the local lymph node assay (LLNA), and an in vitro model, the RhE IL-18 potency assay, in the context of the identification and potency classification of skin sensitizers. These two assays have been chosen among the different available tests as representative of an alternative in vivo model (the LLNA) and a promising in vitro method with the potential of both hazard identification and potency classification.
AB - Contact allergy is of considerable importance to the toxicologist, and regulatory authorities worldwide require testing for skin sensitization potential and appropriate hazard labeling to enable management of the risk to human health. Although traditionally the identification of skin-sensitizing chemicals has been carried out using animal models, in Europe legislative changes have promoted, and now require, the use of non-animal methods (i.e., Cosmetic Directive, REACH). Several in vitro alternatives for hazard identification have now been validated, but do not provide information on the potency of a skin sensitizer. Here, we describe an animal model, the local lymph node assay (LLNA), and an in vitro model, the RhE IL-18 potency assay, in the context of the identification and potency classification of skin sensitizers. These two assays have been chosen among the different available tests as representative of an alternative in vivo model (the LLNA) and a promising in vitro method with the potential of both hazard identification and potency classification.
KW - Allergic contact dermatitis
KW - Contact hypersensitivity
KW - Cytokines
KW - In vivo test
KW - Local lymph node assay
KW - Non-animal test
KW - Skin
KW - Skin sensitization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099686298&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_2
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_2
M3 - Article
C2 - 33423223
SN - 1064-3745
VL - 2240
SP - 13
EP - 29
JO - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
JF - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
ER -