@inbook{96f4db66025d4c4eb633599213dbce1f,
title = "Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response",
abstract = "Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally to noninvasive treatment modality that has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments. PDT induces hyperoxidative stress and disrupts cellular homeostasis in photosensitized cancer cells, resulting in cell death and ultimately removal of the tumor. However, various survival pathways can be activated in sublethally afflicted cancer cells following PDT. The acute stress response is one of the known survival pathways in PDT, which is activated by reactive oxygen species and signals via ASK-1 (directly) or via TNFR (indirectly). The acute stress response can activate various other survival pathways that may entail antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and proteotoxic stress responses that culminate in the cancer cell{\textquoteright}s ability to cope with redox stress and oxidative damage. This review provides an overview of the immediate early stress response in the context of PDT, mechanisms of activation by PDT, and molecular intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting survival signaling and improving PDT outcome.",
keywords = "ASK-1, Cancer cell survival, Pharmacological intervention, Photosensitizer, Tumor recalcitrance, p38 and JNK, Therapy resistance",
author = "{de Klerk}, {Daniel J.} and {de Keijzer}, {Mark J.} and Dias, {Lionel M.} and Jordi Heemskerk and {de Haan}, {Lianne R.} and Kleijn, {Tony G.} and {on behalf of the Photodynamic Therapy Study Group} and Franchi, {Leonardo P.} and Michal Heger",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2022",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_20",
language = "English",
volume = "2451",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
pages = "405--480",
booktitle = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
}