TY - JOUR
T1 - The association between gender-related characteristics and type 2 diabetes risk in a multi-ethnic population
T2 - The HELIUS study
AU - Muilwijk, Mirthe
AU - Bolijn, Renee
AU - Galenkamp, Henrike
AU - Stronks, Karien
AU - van Charante, Eric M.
AU - van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.
N1 - Funding Information: The HELIUS study is conducted by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. Both organizations provided core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), European Union (FP-7), and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF). This work was additionally supported by a grant from the ZonMw Gender and Health Program (grant number 84920008). Funding Information: The HELIUS study is conducted by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam . Both organizations provided core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation , T he Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) , European Union (FP-7) , and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF) . This work was additionally supported by a grant from the ZonMw Gender and Health Program (grant number 84920008 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Background and aims: Men and women have different type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risks, which have been reported across populations of different ethnicity. Where differences in T2DM risk for sex (biological) have been studied, research on gender (socio-cultural) and T2DM risk is lacking. We explored, in a multi-ethnic population, the association of six gender-related characteristics with incident T2DM over 3 years, and the mediation by known risk factors for T2DM. Methods and results: We included 9605 women and 7080 men of the multi-ethnic HELIUS study (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). We studied associations between gender-related characteristics and incident T2DM, using Cox regression. After a median of 3.0 years (IQR 2.0; 4.0), 198 (2.1%) women and 137 (1.9%) men developed T2DM. A lower T2DM risk was observed in those not being the primary earner (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47; 0.93) and a higher desired level of social support (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44; 0.87). Hours spent on household work, home repairs, type of employment and male- or female-dominated occupation were not associated with T2DM incidence. No evidence for effect modification by biological sex or ethnicity was found. Known risk factors of T2DM did not mediate the observed associations. Conclusion: Gender-related characteristics, not being the primary earner and a higher desired social support were associated with reduced T2DM risk, and this was not mediated by known risk factors for T2DM.
AB - Background and aims: Men and women have different type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risks, which have been reported across populations of different ethnicity. Where differences in T2DM risk for sex (biological) have been studied, research on gender (socio-cultural) and T2DM risk is lacking. We explored, in a multi-ethnic population, the association of six gender-related characteristics with incident T2DM over 3 years, and the mediation by known risk factors for T2DM. Methods and results: We included 9605 women and 7080 men of the multi-ethnic HELIUS study (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). We studied associations between gender-related characteristics and incident T2DM, using Cox regression. After a median of 3.0 years (IQR 2.0; 4.0), 198 (2.1%) women and 137 (1.9%) men developed T2DM. A lower T2DM risk was observed in those not being the primary earner (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47; 0.93) and a higher desired level of social support (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44; 0.87). Hours spent on household work, home repairs, type of employment and male- or female-dominated occupation were not associated with T2DM incidence. No evidence for effect modification by biological sex or ethnicity was found. Known risk factors of T2DM did not mediate the observed associations. Conclusion: Gender-related characteristics, not being the primary earner and a higher desired social support were associated with reduced T2DM risk, and this was not mediated by known risk factors for T2DM.
KW - Ethnicity
KW - Gender differences
KW - HELIUS study
KW - Type 2 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119622288&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.015
M3 - Article
C2 - 34810065
SN - 0939-4753
VL - 32
SP - 142
EP - 150
JO - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases
JF - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases
IS - 1
ER -