TY - JOUR
T1 - The Association Between Vitamin D Status and Parameters for Bone Density and Quality is Modified by Body Mass Index
AU - Sohl, E.
AU - de Jongh, R.T.
AU - Swart, C.M.A.
AU - Enneman, A.W.
AU - van Wijngaarden, J.P.
AU - van Dijk, S.C.
AU - van der Ham, A.C.
AU - van der Zwaluw, N.L.
AU - Brouwer-Brolsma, E.M.
AU - van der Velde, N.
AU - de Groot, C.P.G.M.
AU - te Velde, S.J.
AU - Lips, P.
AU - van Schoor, N.M.
AU - Swart, K. M. A.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - The association of vitamin D status with bone mineral density (BMD) and Quantitative Ultrasound measurements (QUS) has been inconsistent in previous studies, probably caused by moderating effects. This study explored (1) the association of vitamin D status with QUS and BMD, and (2) whether these associations were modified by body mass index (BMI), age, gender, or physical activity. Two-independent cohorts of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA-I, 1995/1996, aged a parts per thousand yen65; LASA-II, 2008/2009, aged 61-71) and baseline measurement of the B-vitamins for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures (B-PROOF) study (2008-2011, aged 65+) were used. QUS measurements [broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS)] were performed at the calcaneus in all three cohorts (N = 1,235, N = 365, N = 1319); BMD was measured by Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in B-PROOF (N = 1,162 and 1,192 for specific sites) and LASA-I (N = 492 and 503). The associations of vitamin D status with BUA and BMD were modified by BMI. Only in persons with low-to-normal BMI ( <25 kg/m(2)) and serum 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L was associated with lower BUA as compared to the reference group (a parts per thousand yen50 nmol/L) in LASA-I and B-PROOF. Furthermore, in LASA-I, these individuals had lower BMD at the hip and lumbar spine. In LASA-II, no associations with BUA were observed. Vitamin D status was not associated with SOS, and these associations were not modified by the effect modifiers tested. The association between vitamin D status and BUA and BMD was modified by BMI in the older-aged cohorts: there was only an association in individuals with BMI <25 kg/m(2)
AB - The association of vitamin D status with bone mineral density (BMD) and Quantitative Ultrasound measurements (QUS) has been inconsistent in previous studies, probably caused by moderating effects. This study explored (1) the association of vitamin D status with QUS and BMD, and (2) whether these associations were modified by body mass index (BMI), age, gender, or physical activity. Two-independent cohorts of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA-I, 1995/1996, aged a parts per thousand yen65; LASA-II, 2008/2009, aged 61-71) and baseline measurement of the B-vitamins for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures (B-PROOF) study (2008-2011, aged 65+) were used. QUS measurements [broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS)] were performed at the calcaneus in all three cohorts (N = 1,235, N = 365, N = 1319); BMD was measured by Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in B-PROOF (N = 1,162 and 1,192 for specific sites) and LASA-I (N = 492 and 503). The associations of vitamin D status with BUA and BMD were modified by BMI. Only in persons with low-to-normal BMI ( <25 kg/m(2)) and serum 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L was associated with lower BUA as compared to the reference group (a parts per thousand yen50 nmol/L) in LASA-I and B-PROOF. Furthermore, in LASA-I, these individuals had lower BMD at the hip and lumbar spine. In LASA-II, no associations with BUA were observed. Vitamin D status was not associated with SOS, and these associations were not modified by the effect modifiers tested. The association between vitamin D status and BUA and BMD was modified by BMI in the older-aged cohorts: there was only an association in individuals with BMI <25 kg/m(2)
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9943-7
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9943-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 25539856
SN - 0171-967X
VL - 96
SP - 113
EP - 122
JO - Calcified Tissue International
JF - Calcified Tissue International
IS - 2
ER -