TY - JOUR
T1 - The Interaction between the Gut Microbiome and Bile Acids in Cardiometabolic Diseases
AU - Callender, Cengiz
AU - Attaye, Ilias
AU - Nieuwdorp, Max
N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by M.N. personal ZONMW-VICI grant 2020 [09150182010020]. The APC was funded by the same grant. M.N. is supported by a personal ZONMW-VICI grant 2020 [09150182010020], where C.C. is employed. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMD) are a spectrum of diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, atheroscle-rosis, non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome) that are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has long been known that bile acids (BA), which are endogenously produced signalling molecules from cholesterol, can affect CMD risk and progression and directly affect the gut microbiome (GM). Moreover, studies focusing on the GM and CMD risk have dramatically increased in the past decade. It has also become clear that the GM can function as a “new” endocrine organ. BA and GM have a complex and interdependent relationship with several CMD pathways. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the interplay between BA metabolism, the GM, and CMD risk and progression.
AB - Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMD) are a spectrum of diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, atheroscle-rosis, non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome) that are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has long been known that bile acids (BA), which are endogenously produced signalling molecules from cholesterol, can affect CMD risk and progression and directly affect the gut microbiome (GM). Moreover, studies focusing on the GM and CMD risk have dramatically increased in the past decade. It has also become clear that the GM can function as a “new” endocrine organ. BA and GM have a complex and interdependent relationship with several CMD pathways. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the interplay between BA metabolism, the GM, and CMD risk and progression.
KW - Bile acids
KW - Cardio-metabolic disease
KW - Gut microbiota
KW - Gut-derived metabolites
KW - Insulin resistance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123215278&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010065
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010065
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35050187
SN - 2218-1989
VL - 12
JO - Metabolites
JF - Metabolites
IS - 1
M1 - 65
ER -