TY - JOUR
T1 - The mediating role of lifestyle in the relationship between shift work, obesity and diabetes
AU - Hulsegge, Gerben
AU - Proper, Karin I.
AU - Loef, Bette
AU - Paagman, Heleen
AU - Anema, Johannes R.
AU - van Mechelen, Willem
N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the workers of the department of Research & Business Development of HumanTotalCare for their contribution to the data collection and the processing of data for the present study. For statistical advice, Prof. dr. J.W.R. Twisk (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Purpose: Shift work has been related to obesity and diabetes, but the potential mediating role of lifestyle is yet unknown. Our aim was to investigate this mediating role of physical activity, diet, smoking, and sleep quality in the relationships between shift work, and obesity and diabetes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3188 shift workers and 6395 non-shift workers participated between 2013 and 2018 in periodical occupational health checks. Weight and height were objectively measured to calculate obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2). Diabetes status, physical activity, diet, smoking, and sleep quality were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Structural equation models adjusted for relevant confounders were used to analyze the mediating role of lifestyle in the relationships between shift work, and obesity and diabetes. Results: Shift workers were more often obese (OR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.61) and reported more often to have diabetes (OR:1.35, 95% CI 1.003–1.11) than non-shift workers. Shift workers had lower physical activity levels, ate fruit and vegetables less often, smoked more often, and had poorer sleep quality (p < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that shift workers had a higher odds of obesity (OR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) and diabetes (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) mediated by poorer sleep quality. Lower physical activity levels (OR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.19) and lower intake of fruit and vegetables (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) were also mediators in the relationship between shift work and obesity, but not in the relationship between shift work and diabetes (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: These results imply that interventions targeting diet, physical activity and in particular sleep problems specifically developed for shift workers could potentially reduce the adverse health effects of shift work.
AB - Purpose: Shift work has been related to obesity and diabetes, but the potential mediating role of lifestyle is yet unknown. Our aim was to investigate this mediating role of physical activity, diet, smoking, and sleep quality in the relationships between shift work, and obesity and diabetes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3188 shift workers and 6395 non-shift workers participated between 2013 and 2018 in periodical occupational health checks. Weight and height were objectively measured to calculate obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2). Diabetes status, physical activity, diet, smoking, and sleep quality were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Structural equation models adjusted for relevant confounders were used to analyze the mediating role of lifestyle in the relationships between shift work, and obesity and diabetes. Results: Shift workers were more often obese (OR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.61) and reported more often to have diabetes (OR:1.35, 95% CI 1.003–1.11) than non-shift workers. Shift workers had lower physical activity levels, ate fruit and vegetables less often, smoked more often, and had poorer sleep quality (p < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that shift workers had a higher odds of obesity (OR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) and diabetes (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) mediated by poorer sleep quality. Lower physical activity levels (OR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.19) and lower intake of fruit and vegetables (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) were also mediators in the relationship between shift work and obesity, but not in the relationship between shift work and diabetes (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: These results imply that interventions targeting diet, physical activity and in particular sleep problems specifically developed for shift workers could potentially reduce the adverse health effects of shift work.
KW - Diet
KW - Night work
KW - Overweight
KW - Rotating shift system
KW - Sleep
KW - Type II diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102520117&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01662-6
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01662-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 33704584
SN - 0340-0131
VL - 94
SP - 1287
EP - 1295
JO - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
IS - 6
ER -