TY - JOUR
T1 - The Mediating Role of Parental Factors in the Social Patterning of Smoking among Adolescents in Urban Indonesia
AU - Septiono, Wahyu
AU - Kuipers, Mirte A. G.
AU - Ng, Nawi
AU - Kunst, Anton E.
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia under the agreement number PRJ-2797/LPDP/2015. LPDP was not involved in the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The study has been conducted as part of an approved PhD thesis. Funding Information: Funding This work was supported by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia under the agreement number PRJ-2797/LPDP/2015. LPDP was not involved in the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The study has been conducted as part of an approved PhD thesis. Ethical statement The protocol of this study was approved by the ethic committee at from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in March 2017 (LB.02.01/2/KE.097/2017). All participants gave their consent before participating in this study. Availability of data The dataset of the current study is not publicly available, but is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Conflict of interest All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Introduction: Parental factors may explain part of the social patterning of smoking among adolescents. This study aims at assessing the association between adolescent smoking and family characteristics (parental education, family wealth, and religion) and the mediating role of parental factors (smoking, control, and permissiveness towards smoking). Methods: In 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight Indonesian cities among 2,393 students aged 13–18 years. Multilevel logistic regression analysis estimated the associations between family characteristics and adolescent smoking. Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM) quantified mediation of these associations by parental factors. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Smoking prevalence was 35.8% among boys and 2.6% among girls. Odds of smoking were higher among those with lower parental education among boys (low vs. high: OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.01-2.43), but not girls (OR:0.91, 95%CI:0.24-3.43). The association among boys was partially mediated by father’s smoking status, parental control, and parental permissiveness towards smoking. High family wealth was associated with higher odds of smoking among girls (poorer vs. wealthier: OR:0.39, 95%CI:0.15-0.99), but not boys (OR:0.76, 95%CI:0.52-1.10). This association among girls was not clearly mediated by parental factors. Religion was not associated with smoking among boys or girls. Conclusions: In Indonesia’s urban settings, inequalities in boys’ smoking by educational background may be addressed by measures aimed at supporting lower educated parents to improve parental control and to reduce permissiveness towards smoking.
AB - Introduction: Parental factors may explain part of the social patterning of smoking among adolescents. This study aims at assessing the association between adolescent smoking and family characteristics (parental education, family wealth, and religion) and the mediating role of parental factors (smoking, control, and permissiveness towards smoking). Methods: In 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight Indonesian cities among 2,393 students aged 13–18 years. Multilevel logistic regression analysis estimated the associations between family characteristics and adolescent smoking. Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM) quantified mediation of these associations by parental factors. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Smoking prevalence was 35.8% among boys and 2.6% among girls. Odds of smoking were higher among those with lower parental education among boys (low vs. high: OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.01-2.43), but not girls (OR:0.91, 95%CI:0.24-3.43). The association among boys was partially mediated by father’s smoking status, parental control, and parental permissiveness towards smoking. High family wealth was associated with higher odds of smoking among girls (poorer vs. wealthier: OR:0.39, 95%CI:0.15-0.99), but not boys (OR:0.76, 95%CI:0.52-1.10). This association among girls was not clearly mediated by parental factors. Religion was not associated with smoking among boys or girls. Conclusions: In Indonesia’s urban settings, inequalities in boys’ smoking by educational background may be addressed by measures aimed at supporting lower educated parents to improve parental control and to reduce permissiveness towards smoking.
KW - Indonesia
KW - Tobacco
KW - adolescent
KW - smoking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118761742&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3127
DO - https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3127
M3 - Article
C2 - 34710988
SN - 1513-7368
VL - 22
SP - 3127
EP - 3135
JO - Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention
JF - Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention
IS - 10
ER -