Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a major precursor for advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are thought to play a role in vascular complications in diabetes. Known MGO-arginine-derived AGEs are 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1), argpyrimidine and tetrahydropyrimidine (THP). We studied THP in relation to type 1 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, vascular complications and atherosclerosis.
METHODS: We raised and characterised a monoclonal antibody against MGO-derived THP. We measured plasma THP with a competitive ELISA in two cohort studies: study A (198 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 197 controls); study B (individuals with type 1 diabetes, 175 with normoalbuminuria and 198 with macroalbuminuria [>300 mg/24 h]). We measured plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, and evaluated the presence of THP and N (ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in atherosclerotic arteries.
RESULTS: THP was higher in individuals with type 1 diabetes than in those without (median [interquartile range] 115.5 U/μl [102.4-133.2] and 109.8 U/μl [91.8-122.3], respectively; p = 0.03). THP was associated with plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in both study A (standardised β = 0.48 [95% CI 0.38, 0.58]; p < 0.001) and study B (standardised β = 0.31 [95% CI 0.23, 0.40]; p < 0.001), and with secreted phospholipase A2 (standardised β = 0.26 [95% CI 0.17, 0.36]; p < 0.001) in study B. We found no association of THP with micro- or macro-vascular complications. Both THP and CML were detected in atherosclerotic arteries.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that MGO-derived THP may reflect endothelial dysfunction among individuals with and without type 1 diabetes, and therefore may potentially play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and vascular disease.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1845-55 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Diabetologia |
Volume | 56 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Aug 2013 |
Keywords
- Adult
- Atherosclerosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Glycation End Products, Advanced
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Journal Article
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pyrimidines
- Pyruvaldehyde
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1