TY - CHAP
T1 - The Role of Stress in Bipolar Disorder
AU - Umeoka, Eduardo H L
AU - van Leeuwen, Judith M C
AU - Vinkers, Christiaan H
AU - Joëls, Marian
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Stress is a major risk factor for bipolar disorder. Even though we do not completely understand how stress increases the risk for the onset and poorer course of bipolar disorder, knowledge of stress physiology is rapidly evolving. Following stress, stress hormones - including (nor)adrenaline and corticosteroid - reach the brain and change neuronal function in a time-, region-, and receptor-dependent manner. Stress has direct consequences for a range of cognitive functions which are time-dependent. Directly after stress, emotional processing is increased at the cost of higher brain functions. In the aftermath of stress, the reverse is seen, i.e., increased executive function and contextualization of information. In bipolar disorder, basal corticosteroid levels (under non-stressed conditions) are generally found to be increased with blunted responses in response to experimental stress. Moreover, patients who have bipolar disorder generally show impaired brain function, including reward processing. There is some evidence for a causal role of (dysfunction of) the stress system in the etiology of bipolar disorder and their effects on brain system functionality. However, longitudinal studies investigating the functionality of the stress systems in conjunction with detailed information on the development and course of bipolar disorder are vital to understand in detail how stress increases the risk for bipolar disorder.
AB - Stress is a major risk factor for bipolar disorder. Even though we do not completely understand how stress increases the risk for the onset and poorer course of bipolar disorder, knowledge of stress physiology is rapidly evolving. Following stress, stress hormones - including (nor)adrenaline and corticosteroid - reach the brain and change neuronal function in a time-, region-, and receptor-dependent manner. Stress has direct consequences for a range of cognitive functions which are time-dependent. Directly after stress, emotional processing is increased at the cost of higher brain functions. In the aftermath of stress, the reverse is seen, i.e., increased executive function and contextualization of information. In bipolar disorder, basal corticosteroid levels (under non-stressed conditions) are generally found to be increased with blunted responses in response to experimental stress. Moreover, patients who have bipolar disorder generally show impaired brain function, including reward processing. There is some evidence for a causal role of (dysfunction of) the stress system in the etiology of bipolar disorder and their effects on brain system functionality. However, longitudinal studies investigating the functionality of the stress systems in conjunction with detailed information on the development and course of bipolar disorder are vital to understand in detail how stress increases the risk for bipolar disorder.
KW - Blunted response
KW - Cognition
KW - Cortisol awakening response (CAR)
KW - Hypercortisolemia
KW - Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
KW - Network
KW - Trier social stress test (TSST)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103569949&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_151
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_151
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 32748285
T3 - Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
SP - 21
EP - 39
BT - Bipolar Disorder: From Neuroscience to Treatment
ER -