TY - JOUR
T1 - Toward Responsible Artificial Intelligence in Long-Term Care
T2 - A Scoping Review on Practical Approaches
AU - Lukkien, Dirk R. M.
AU - Nap, Henk Herman
AU - Buimer, Hendrik P.
AU - Peine, Alexander
AU - Boon, Wouter P. C.
AU - Ket, Johannes C. F.
AU - Minkman, Mirella M. N.
AU - Moors, Ellen H. M.
N1 - Funding Information: This work was initiated and financed by Vilans Centre of Expertise for Long-Term Care. We greatly acknowledge the support of Nick Zonneveld and Minke ter Stal in reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.
PY - 2023/2/1
Y1 - 2023/2/1
N2 - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely positioned to become a key element of intelligent technologies used in the long-term care (LTC) for older adults. The increasing relevance and adoption of AI has encouraged debate over the societal and ethical implications of introducing and scaling AI. This scoping review investigates how the design and implementation of AI technologies in LTC is addressed responsibly: so-called responsible innovation (RI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in 5 electronic databases using concepts related to LTC, AI, and RI. We then performed a descriptive and thematic analysis to map the key concepts, types of evidence, and gaps in the literature. RESULTS: After reviewing 3,339 papers, 25 papers were identified that met our inclusion criteria. From this literature, we extracted 3 overarching themes: user-oriented AI innovation; framing AI as a solution to RI issues; and context-sensitivity. Our results provide an overview of measures taken and recommendations provided to address responsible AI innovation in LTC. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The review underlines the importance of the context of use when addressing responsible AI innovation in LTC. However, limited empirical evidence actually details how responsible AI innovation is addressed in context. Therefore, we recommend expanding empirical studies on RI at the level of specific AI technologies and their local contexts of use. Also, we call for more specific frameworks for responsible AI innovation in LTC to flexibly guide researchers and innovators. Future frameworks should clearly distinguish between RI processes and outcomes.
AB - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely positioned to become a key element of intelligent technologies used in the long-term care (LTC) for older adults. The increasing relevance and adoption of AI has encouraged debate over the societal and ethical implications of introducing and scaling AI. This scoping review investigates how the design and implementation of AI technologies in LTC is addressed responsibly: so-called responsible innovation (RI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in 5 electronic databases using concepts related to LTC, AI, and RI. We then performed a descriptive and thematic analysis to map the key concepts, types of evidence, and gaps in the literature. RESULTS: After reviewing 3,339 papers, 25 papers were identified that met our inclusion criteria. From this literature, we extracted 3 overarching themes: user-oriented AI innovation; framing AI as a solution to RI issues; and context-sensitivity. Our results provide an overview of measures taken and recommendations provided to address responsible AI innovation in LTC. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The review underlines the importance of the context of use when addressing responsible AI innovation in LTC. However, limited empirical evidence actually details how responsible AI innovation is addressed in context. Therefore, we recommend expanding empirical studies on RI at the level of specific AI technologies and their local contexts of use. Also, we call for more specific frameworks for responsible AI innovation in LTC to flexibly guide researchers and innovators. Future frameworks should clearly distinguish between RI processes and outcomes.
KW - Ethics
KW - Intelligent technology
KW - Responsible innovation
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85133633076&origin=inward
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34871399
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab180
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab180
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34871399
SN - 0016-9013
VL - 63
SP - 155
EP - 168
JO - The Gerontologist
JF - The Gerontologist
IS - 1
ER -