TY - JOUR
T1 - Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Measures on (Pre-)Dementia Patients During Second Lockdown
AU - Bakker, Els D.
AU - van Maurik, Ingrid S.
AU - Mank, Arenda
AU - Zwan, Marissa D.
AU - Waterink, Lisa
AU - van den Buuse, Susanne
AU - van den Broeke, Jennifer R.
AU - Gillissen, Freek
AU - van de Beek, Marleen
AU - Lemstra, Evelien
AU - van den Bosch, Karlijn A.
AU - van Leeuwenstijn, Mardou
AU - Bouwman, Femke H.
AU - Scheltens, Philip
AU - van der Flier, Wiesje M.
N1 - Funding Information: Among the strengths of our study is the large sample of both caregivers and patients along the cognitive continuum. Caregivers were also included via Alzheimer Nederland, increasing generalizability across the Netherlands and to patients with a more severe disease stage. In addition, we were able to compare results between the first and second lockdown, which provided important insights into how patients and caregivers adapt to the challenges posed by COVID-19. Finally, we explored factors that have helped patients and caregivers cope with COVID-19 times, which we will use as input for the development of tools and recommendations to render patients and caregivers more resilient to challenges posed by the pandemic, that we will disseminate via online articles, webinars, and toolkits with tips for patients, caregivers, and professional support in times of COVID-19. In addition, we will spread our knowledge to government agencies by info sheets and reports on people living with dementia in COVID-19 times to emphasize the importance of good health care support. Of note, it could be that our results are applicable to other individuals with other Research of Alzheimer center Amsterdam is part of the neurodegeneration research program of Amsterdam Neuroscience. Alzheimer Center Amsterdam is supported by Stichting Alzheimer Nederland and Stichting VUmc fonds. The chair of Wiesje van der Flier is supported by the Pasman stichting. EDB is appointed at a ZonMW funded project on social implications of COVID19 (POLAR #10430 03201 0004). WMF and ISM are recipients of the EU Joint Programme Neurodegenerative Disease Research project ADDITION (ZonMW no. 733051083). The SCIENCe project is funded by stichting Dioraphte. WMF is recipient of ABOARD, which is a public-private partnership receiving funding from ZonMW (#73305095007) and Health Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health (PPP-allowance; #LSHM20106). More than 30 partners participate in ABOARD. ABOARD also receives funding from Edwin Bouw Fonds and Gieskes-Strijbisfonds. Funding Information: This project has received funding from ZonMW via the COVID-19 program (POLAR #10430 03201 0004). Funding Information: Research of Alzheimer center Amsterdam is part of the neurodegeneration research program of Amsterdam Neuroscience. Alzheimer Center Amsterdam is supported by Stichting Alzheimer Nederland and Stichting VUmc fonds. The chair of Wiesje van der Flier is supported by the Pasman stichting. EDB is appointed at a ZonMW funded project on social implications of COVID19 (POLAR #10430 03201 0004). WMF and ISM are recipients of the EU Joint Programme Neurodegenerative Disease Research project ADDITION (ZonMW no. 733051083). The SCIENCe project is funded by stichting Dioraphte. WMF is recipient of ABOARD, which is a public-private partnership receiving funding from ZonMW (#73305095007) and Health?Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health (PPP-allowance; #LSHM20106). More than 30 partners participate in ABOARD. ABOARD also receives funding from Edwin Bouw Fonds and Gieskes-Strijbisfonds. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic poses enormous social challenges, especially during lockdown. People with cognitive decline and their caregivers are particularly at risk of lockdown consequences. Objective: To investigate psychosocial effects in (pre-)dementia patients and caregivers during second lockdown and compare effects between first and second lockdown. Methods: We included n = 511 (pre-)dementia patients and n = 826 caregivers from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort and via Alzheimer Nederland. All respondents completed a self-designed survey on psychosocial effects of COVID-19. We examined relations between experienced support and psychosocial and behavioral symptoms using logistic regression. In a subset of patients and caregivers we compared responses between first and second lockdown using generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results: The majority of patients (≥58%) and caregivers (≥60%) reported that family and friends, hobbies, and music helped them cope. Support from family and friends was strongly related to less negative feelings in patients (loneliness: OR = 0.3[0.1-0.6]) and caregivers (loneliness: OR = 0.2[0.1-0.3]; depression: OR = 0.4[0.2-0.5]; anxiety: OR = 0.4[0.3-0.6]; uncertainty: OR = 0.3[0.2-0.5]; fatigue: OR = 0.3[0.2-0.4]; stress: OR = 0.3[0.2-0.5]). In second lockdown, less psychosocial and behavioral symptoms were reported compared to first lockdown (patients; e.g., anxiety: 22% versus 13%, p = 0.007; apathy: 27% versus 8%, p < 0.001, caregivers; e.g., anxiety: 23% versus 16%, p = 0.033; patient's behavioral problems: 50% versus 35%, p < 0.001). Patients experienced more support (e.g., family and friends: 52% versus 93%, p < 0.001; neighbors: 28% versus 66%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: During second lockdown, patients and caregivers adapted to challenges posed by lockdown, as psychosocial and behavioral effects decreased, while patients experienced more social support compared to first lockdown. Support from family and friends is a major protective factor for negative outcomes in patients and caregivers.
AB - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic poses enormous social challenges, especially during lockdown. People with cognitive decline and their caregivers are particularly at risk of lockdown consequences. Objective: To investigate psychosocial effects in (pre-)dementia patients and caregivers during second lockdown and compare effects between first and second lockdown. Methods: We included n = 511 (pre-)dementia patients and n = 826 caregivers from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort and via Alzheimer Nederland. All respondents completed a self-designed survey on psychosocial effects of COVID-19. We examined relations between experienced support and psychosocial and behavioral symptoms using logistic regression. In a subset of patients and caregivers we compared responses between first and second lockdown using generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results: The majority of patients (≥58%) and caregivers (≥60%) reported that family and friends, hobbies, and music helped them cope. Support from family and friends was strongly related to less negative feelings in patients (loneliness: OR = 0.3[0.1-0.6]) and caregivers (loneliness: OR = 0.2[0.1-0.3]; depression: OR = 0.4[0.2-0.5]; anxiety: OR = 0.4[0.3-0.6]; uncertainty: OR = 0.3[0.2-0.5]; fatigue: OR = 0.3[0.2-0.4]; stress: OR = 0.3[0.2-0.5]). In second lockdown, less psychosocial and behavioral symptoms were reported compared to first lockdown (patients; e.g., anxiety: 22% versus 13%, p = 0.007; apathy: 27% versus 8%, p < 0.001, caregivers; e.g., anxiety: 23% versus 16%, p = 0.033; patient's behavioral problems: 50% versus 35%, p < 0.001). Patients experienced more support (e.g., family and friends: 52% versus 93%, p < 0.001; neighbors: 28% versus 66%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: During second lockdown, patients and caregivers adapted to challenges posed by lockdown, as psychosocial and behavioral effects decreased, while patients experienced more social support compared to first lockdown. Support from family and friends is a major protective factor for negative outcomes in patients and caregivers.
KW - Behavioral effects
KW - COVID-19
KW - caregiver
KW - dementia
KW - experienced support
KW - lockdown
KW - mild cognitive impairment
KW - psychosocial effects
KW - subjective cognitive decline
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128001874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-215342
DO - https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-215342
M3 - Article
C2 - 35034903
SN - 1387-2877
VL - 86
SP - 931
EP - 939
JO - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
JF - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
IS - 2
ER -