TY - JOUR
T1 - Childhood adversity and risk of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood
T2 - results from a population-wide cohort study of 1.2 million individuals
AU - Elsenburg, Leonie K.
AU - Bengtsson, Jessica
AU - Rieckmann, Andreas
AU - Rod, Naja H.
N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank B. Carstensen (Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark) for providing the code to identify diabetes in the Danish registers, M. E. Jørgensen (Steno Diabetes Center Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland) for the information she provided on the Danish Adult Diabetes Registry (DADR) and type 2 diabetes, and the Danish Clinical Registries for providing access to the DADR. JB is currently an employee at Novo Nordisk A/S and AR is currently an employee at Lundbeck A/S. They contributed to this manuscript during their previous positions at the University of Copenhagen, and not during their current positions. The other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work. All authors contributed to the design of the study and interpretation of the results. LKE, JB and AR contributed to data management and data analyses. LKE wrote the first draft of the manuscript, JB, AR and NHR reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. LKE is the guarantor of this work. Funding Information: LKE was supported by a Rubicon grant (45219105) of the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw). This funding source was not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing the manuscript; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - Aims/hypothesis: To examine whether childhood adversity is related to development of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood (16 to 38 years) among men and women. Methods: We used nationwide register data of 1,277,429 individuals born in Denmark between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2001, who were still resident in Denmark and without diabetes at age 16 years. Individuals were divided into five childhood adversity groups based on their yearly exposure to childhood adversities (from age 0–15 years) across three dimensions: material deprivation, loss or threat of loss, and family dynamics. We estimated HR and hazard differences (HD) for type 2 diabetes according to the childhood adversity groups using Cox proportional hazards and Aalen additive hazards models. Results: During follow-up from age 16 to 31 December 2018, 4860 individuals developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with the low adversity group, the risk of type 2 diabetes was higher in all other childhood adversity groups among both men and women. For example, the risk was higher in the high adversity group characterised by high rates of adversity across all three dimensions among men (HR 2.41; 95% CI 2.04, 2.85) and women (1.58; 1.31, 1.91), translating into 36.2 (25.9, 46.5) additional cases of type 2 diabetes per 100,000 person-years among men and 18.6 (8.2, 29.0) among women. Conclusions/interpretation: Individuals who experienced childhood adversity are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. Intervening upon proximal determinants of adversity may help reduce the number of type 2 diabetes cases among young adults. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Aims/hypothesis: To examine whether childhood adversity is related to development of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood (16 to 38 years) among men and women. Methods: We used nationwide register data of 1,277,429 individuals born in Denmark between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2001, who were still resident in Denmark and without diabetes at age 16 years. Individuals were divided into five childhood adversity groups based on their yearly exposure to childhood adversities (from age 0–15 years) across three dimensions: material deprivation, loss or threat of loss, and family dynamics. We estimated HR and hazard differences (HD) for type 2 diabetes according to the childhood adversity groups using Cox proportional hazards and Aalen additive hazards models. Results: During follow-up from age 16 to 31 December 2018, 4860 individuals developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with the low adversity group, the risk of type 2 diabetes was higher in all other childhood adversity groups among both men and women. For example, the risk was higher in the high adversity group characterised by high rates of adversity across all three dimensions among men (HR 2.41; 95% CI 2.04, 2.85) and women (1.58; 1.31, 1.91), translating into 36.2 (25.9, 46.5) additional cases of type 2 diabetes per 100,000 person-years among men and 18.6 (8.2, 29.0) among women. Conclusions/interpretation: Individuals who experienced childhood adversity are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. Intervening upon proximal determinants of adversity may help reduce the number of type 2 diabetes cases among young adults. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
KW - Adverse childhood experiences
KW - Childhood adversity
KW - Type 2 diabetes
KW - Young adulthood
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85153096440&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05911-w
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05911-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 37076640
SN - 0012-186X
VL - 66
SP - 1218
EP - 1222
JO - Diabetologia
JF - Diabetologia
IS - 7
ER -