TY - JOUR
T1 - A parent-report gender identity questionnaire for children
T2 - A cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis
AU - Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.
AU - Wallien, Madeleine
AU - Johnson, Laurel L.
AU - Owen-Anderson, Allison F.H.
AU - Bradley, Susan J.
AU - Zucker, Kenneth J.
PY - 2006/7/1
Y1 - 2006/7/1
N2 - A one-factor, 14-item parent-report Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children (GIQC) was developed in a sample of 325 clinic-referred children with gender identity problems and 504 controls from Toronto, Canada (Johnson et al., 2004). In this study, we report a cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis of the GIQC on gender-referred children (N = 338) from Toronto and gender-referred children (N = 175) from Utrecht, The Netherlands. Across clinics, the results showed both similarities and differences. Gender-referred boys from Utrecht had a significantly higher total score (indicating more cross-gender behavior) than did gender-referred boys from Toronto, but there was no significant difference for girls, bi the Toronto sample, the gender-referred girls had a significantly higher total score than the gender-referred boys, but there was no significant sex difference in the Utrecht sample. Across both clinics, gender-referred children who met the complete DSM criteria for gender identity disorder (GID) had a significantly higher cross-gender score than the gender-referred children who were subthreshold for GID (Cohen's d = 1.11). The results of this study provide the first empirical evidence of relative similarity in cross-gender behavior in a sample of gender-referred children from western Europe when compared to North American children. The results also provide some support for cross-clinic consistency in clinician-based diagnosis of GID.
AB - A one-factor, 14-item parent-report Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children (GIQC) was developed in a sample of 325 clinic-referred children with gender identity problems and 504 controls from Toronto, Canada (Johnson et al., 2004). In this study, we report a cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis of the GIQC on gender-referred children (N = 338) from Toronto and gender-referred children (N = 175) from Utrecht, The Netherlands. Across clinics, the results showed both similarities and differences. Gender-referred boys from Utrecht had a significantly higher total score (indicating more cross-gender behavior) than did gender-referred boys from Toronto, but there was no significant difference for girls, bi the Toronto sample, the gender-referred girls had a significantly higher total score than the gender-referred boys, but there was no significant sex difference in the Utrecht sample. Across both clinics, gender-referred children who met the complete DSM criteria for gender identity disorder (GID) had a significantly higher cross-gender score than the gender-referred children who were subthreshold for GID (Cohen's d = 1.11). The results of this study provide the first empirical evidence of relative similarity in cross-gender behavior in a sample of gender-referred children from western Europe when compared to North American children. The results also provide some support for cross-clinic consistency in clinician-based diagnosis of GID.
KW - DSM-IV
KW - Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children
KW - Gender identity disorder
KW - Gender role
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33746131587&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104506059135
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104506059135
M3 - Article
C2 - 17080776
SN - 1359-1045
VL - 11
SP - 397
EP - 405
JO - Clinical child psychology and psychiatry
JF - Clinical child psychology and psychiatry
IS - 3
ER -