Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population

Vincent Paquin; Lotta Katrin Pries; Margreet ten Have; Maarten Bak; Nicole Gunther; Ron de Graaf; Saskia van Dorsselaer; Bochao D. Lin; Kristel R. van Eijk; Gunter Kenis; Alexander Richards; Michael C. O’Donovan; Jurjen J. Luykx; Bart P.F. Rutten; Jim van Os; Jai L. Shah; Sinan Guloksuz

doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3

Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population

Vincent Paquin, Lotta Katrin Pries, Margreet ten Have, Maarten Bak, Nicole Gunther, Ron de Graaf, Saskia van Dorsselaer, Bochao D. Lin, Kristel R. van Eijk, Gunter Kenis, Alexander Richards, Michael C. O’Donovan, Jurjen J. Luykx, Bart P.F. Rutten, Jim van Os, Jai L. Shah, Sinan Guloksuz

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Purpose: The health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population. Methods: Participants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study–2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models. Results: For PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18–65 years; 55.7–56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health (p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.10 of mental health and − 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with − 0.21 and − 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health (p <.0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.19 of physical health among female and − 0.11 among male individuals. Conclusion: There were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	43-52
Number of pages	10
Journal	Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Volume	58
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3
Publication status	Published - Jan 2023
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Exposome
Genes
Quality of life
Schizophrenia
Sex characteristics

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10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3

Cite this

Paquin, V., Pries, L. K., ten Have, M., Bak, M., Gunther, N., de Graaf, R., van Dorsselaer, S., Lin, B. D., van Eijk, K. R., Kenis, G., Richards, A., O’Donovan, M. C., Luykx, J. J., Rutten, B. P. F., van Os, J., Shah, J. L., & Guloksuz, S. (2023). Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 58(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3

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title = "Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population",

abstract = "Purpose: The health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population. Methods: Participants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study–2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models. Results: For PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18–65 years; 55.7–56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health (p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.10 of mental health and − 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with − 0.21 and − 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health (p <.0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.19 of physical health among female and − 0.11 among male individuals. Conclusion: There were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.",

keywords = "Exposome, Genes, Quality of life, Schizophrenia, Sex characteristics",

author = "Vincent Paquin and Pries, {Lotta Katrin} and {ten Have}, Margreet and Maarten Bak and Nicole Gunther and {de Graaf}, Ron and {van Dorsselaer}, Saskia and Lin, {Bochao D.} and {van Eijk}, {Kristel R.} and Gunter Kenis and Alexander Richards and O{\textquoteright}Donovan, {Michael C.} and Luykx, {Jurjen J.} and Rutten, {Bart P.F.} and {van Os}, Jim and Shah, {Jai L.} and Sinan Guloksuz",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3",

language = "English",

volume = "58",

pages = "43--52",

journal = "Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology",

issn = "0933-7954",

publisher = "D. Steinkopff-Verlag",

number = "1",

}

Paquin, V, Pries, LK, ten Have, M, Bak, M, Gunther, N, de Graaf, R, van Dorsselaer, S, Lin, BD, van Eijk, KR, Kenis, G, Richards, A, O’Donovan, MC, Luykx, JJ, Rutten, BPF, van Os, J, Shah, JL & Guloksuz, S 2023, 'Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3

TY - JOUR

T1 - Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population

AU - Paquin, Vincent

AU - Pries, Lotta Katrin

AU - ten Have, Margreet

AU - Bak, Maarten

AU - Gunther, Nicole

AU - de Graaf, Ron

AU - van Dorsselaer, Saskia

AU - Lin, Bochao D.

AU - van Eijk, Kristel R.

AU - Kenis, Gunter

AU - Richards, Alexander

AU - O’Donovan, Michael C.

AU - Luykx, Jurjen J.

AU - Rutten, Bart P.F.

AU - van Os, Jim

AU - Shah, Jai L.

AU - Guloksuz, Sinan

PY - 2023/1

Y1 - 2023/1

N2 - Purpose: The health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population. Methods: Participants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study–2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models. Results: For PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18–65 years; 55.7–56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health (p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.10 of mental health and − 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with − 0.21 and − 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health (p <.0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.19 of physical health among female and − 0.11 among male individuals. Conclusion: There were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.

AB - Purpose: The health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population. Methods: Participants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study–2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models. Results: For PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18–65 years; 55.7–56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health (p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.10 of mental health and − 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with − 0.21 and − 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health (p <.0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.19 of physical health among female and − 0.11 among male individuals. Conclusion: There were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.

KW - Exposome

KW - Genes

KW - Quality of life

KW - Schizophrenia

KW - Sex characteristics

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135257784&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3

DO - 10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3

M3 - Article

C2 - 35913550

SN - 0933-7954

VL - 58

SP - 43

EP - 52

JO - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

JF - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

IS - 1

ER -

Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population

Abstract

Keywords

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