TY - JOUR
T1 - An overview of clinical and experimental treatment modalities for port wine stains
AU - Chen, Jennifer K.
AU - Ghasri, Pedram
AU - Aguilar, Guillermo
AU - van Drooge, Anne Margreet
AU - Wolkerstorfer, Albert
AU - Kelly, Kristen M.
AU - Heger, Michal
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Port wine stains (PWS) are the most common vascular malformation of the skin, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Noninvasive laser irradiation with flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (selective photothermolysis) currently comprises the gold standard treatment of PWS; however, the majority of PWS fail to clear completely after selective photothermolysis. In this review, the clinically used PWS treatment modalities (pulsed dye lasers, alexandrite lasers, neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers, and intense pulsed light) and techniques (combination approaches, multiple passes, and epidermal cooling) are discussed. Retrospective analysis of clinical studies published between 1990 and 2011 was performed to determine therapeutic efficacies for each clinically used modality/technique. In addition, factors that have resulted in the high degree of therapeutic recalcitrance are identified, and emerging experimental treatment strategies are addressed, including the use of photodynamic therapy, immunomodulators, angiogenesis inhibitors, hypobaric pressure, and site-specific pharmaco-laser therapy. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67: 289-304.)
AB - Port wine stains (PWS) are the most common vascular malformation of the skin, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Noninvasive laser irradiation with flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (selective photothermolysis) currently comprises the gold standard treatment of PWS; however, the majority of PWS fail to clear completely after selective photothermolysis. In this review, the clinically used PWS treatment modalities (pulsed dye lasers, alexandrite lasers, neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers, and intense pulsed light) and techniques (combination approaches, multiple passes, and epidermal cooling) are discussed. Retrospective analysis of clinical studies published between 1990 and 2011 was performed to determine therapeutic efficacies for each clinically used modality/technique. In addition, factors that have resulted in the high degree of therapeutic recalcitrance are identified, and emerging experimental treatment strategies are addressed, including the use of photodynamic therapy, immunomodulators, angiogenesis inhibitors, hypobaric pressure, and site-specific pharmaco-laser therapy. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67: 289-304.)
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2011.11.938
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2011.11.938
M3 - Article
C2 - 22305042
SN - 0190-9622
VL - 67
SP - 289-+
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
IS - 2
ER -