TY - JOUR
T1 - Anxiety and depression in adolescents with a visible difference
T2 - A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - van Dalen, M.
AU - Dierckx, B.
AU - Pasmans, S.G.M.A.
AU - Aendekerk, E.W.C.
AU - Mathijssen, I.M.J.
AU - Koudstaal, M.J.
AU - Timman, R.
AU - Williamson, H.
AU - Hillegers, M.H.J.
AU - Utens, E.M.W.J.
AU - Okkerse, J.M.E.
N1 - With supplementary file.
PY - 2020/6
Y1 - 2020/6
N2 - Living with a visible difference can entail challenging social situations, associated with psychosocial symptoms. However, it is not clear whether adolescents with a visible difference experience more anxiety and depression than unaffected peers. We aim to determine whether adolescents with a visible difference experience more symptoms of anxiety and depression than unaffected peers. A literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO Ovid, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses were done using random-effects models to calculate a standardised mean difference. Analyses for subgroups were used to study causes of visible difference. Eleven studies were identified (n = 1075, weighted mean age = 15.80). Compared to unaffected peers, adolescents with a visible difference experience more symptoms of anxiety (SMD = 0.253, 95 % CI [0.024, 0.482], p = .030), but not depression (SMD = 0.236, 95 % CI [-0.126, 0.599], p = .202). Adolescents with a skin condition did not experience more symptoms of anxiety (SMD = 0.149, 95 % CI [-0.070, 0.369], p = .182) or depression (SMD = 0.090, 95 % CI [-0.082, 0.262], p = .305) when compared to unaffected peers. Overall, more symptoms of anxiety are found in adolescents with a visible difference compared to peers. No differences in anxiety or depression were found for skin differences. Screening for anxiety is recommended.
AB - Living with a visible difference can entail challenging social situations, associated with psychosocial symptoms. However, it is not clear whether adolescents with a visible difference experience more anxiety and depression than unaffected peers. We aim to determine whether adolescents with a visible difference experience more symptoms of anxiety and depression than unaffected peers. A literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO Ovid, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses were done using random-effects models to calculate a standardised mean difference. Analyses for subgroups were used to study causes of visible difference. Eleven studies were identified (n = 1075, weighted mean age = 15.80). Compared to unaffected peers, adolescents with a visible difference experience more symptoms of anxiety (SMD = 0.253, 95 % CI [0.024, 0.482], p = .030), but not depression (SMD = 0.236, 95 % CI [-0.126, 0.599], p = .202). Adolescents with a skin condition did not experience more symptoms of anxiety (SMD = 0.149, 95 % CI [-0.070, 0.369], p = .182) or depression (SMD = 0.090, 95 % CI [-0.082, 0.262], p = .305) when compared to unaffected peers. Overall, more symptoms of anxiety are found in adolescents with a visible difference compared to peers. No differences in anxiety or depression were found for skin differences. Screening for anxiety is recommended.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Anxiety
KW - Anxiety/anxiety disorders
KW - Body Image/psychology
KW - Child
KW - Depression
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Physical Appearance, Body
KW - Psychology, Adolescent
KW - SAD/social anxiety disorder/social phobia
KW - Self Report
KW - Visible differences
KW - Young Adult
UR - https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/55211409/1_s2.0_S1740144519304048_mmc1.docx
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079651086&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.006
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 32092507
SN - 1740-1445
VL - 33
SP - 38
EP - 46
JO - BODY IMAGE
JF - BODY IMAGE
ER -