TY - JOUR
T1 - Anxiety during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder
AU - Rickelt, J.
AU - Viechtbauer, W.
AU - Marcelis, M.
AU - van den Heuvel, O. A.
AU - van Oppen, P.
AU - Eikelenboom, M.
AU - Schruers, K.
N1 - Funding Information: The Netherlands Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) is a consortium that consists of researchers working in academic and non-academic research centers and mental health care settings. The participating institutions are the VU Medical Center/GGZinGeest (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Innova Research Center and Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Centraal/Marina de Wolf Anxiety Research Center (Ermelo, The Netherlands), Center for Anxiety Disorders “Overwaal” (Lent, The Netherlands), Dimence/GGZ Overijssel (Overijssel, The Netherlands), Department of Psychiatry of Leiden University Medical Center (Leiden, The Netherlands), Vincent van Gogh Institute Mental Health Care Center Noord-en Midden-Limburg (Venray, The Netherlands), and the Academic Anxiety Center PsyQ/Division Mental Health and Neuroscience of Maastricht University (Maastricht, The Netherlands). These institutions financed the infrastructure of the baseline and follow-up measurements, including personal and materials.Stichting Steun financed the fieldwork coordinator by a research grant for one year (Grant no: ST180505.Le).The research infrastructure needed to complete the measurements at baseline and the follow-ups (including personnel and materials) is financed almost exclusively by the participating organizations of the Netherlands Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Association (Academic department VU Medical Center/GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Innova Research Center, Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Centraal, Marina de Wolf Anxiety Research Center, Ermelo, The Netherlands; Center for Anxiety Disorders “Overwaal”, Lent, The Netherlands; Dimence, GGZ Overijssel, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vincent van Gogh Institute Mental Health Care Center Noord-en Midden-Limburg, Venray, The Netherlands; Academic Anxiety Center, PsyQ, Maastricht University, Division Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands), except for the fieldwork coordinator, who was financed for a duration of one year by a research grant from Stichting Steun (Grant no: ST180505.Le). Funding Information: The research infrastructure needed to complete the measurements at baseline and the follow-ups (including personnel and materials) is financed almost exclusively by the participating organizations of the Netherlands Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Association ( Academic department VU Medical Center / GGZinGeest , Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Innova Research Center , Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Centraal , Marina de Wolf Anxiety Research Center , Ermelo, The Netherlands; Center for Anxiety Disorders “Overwaal” , Lent, The Netherlands; Dimence , GGZ Overijssel , The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, The Netherlands; Vincent van Gogh Institute Mental Health Care Center Noord-en Midden-Limburg , Venray, The Netherlands; Academic Anxiety Center , PsyQ , Maastricht University , Division Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands), except for the fieldwork coordinator, who was financed for a duration of one year by a research grant from Stichting Steun (Grant no: ST180505.Le ). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors
PY - 2024/1/15
Y1 - 2024/1/15
N2 - Objective: The study aimed to investigate anxiety and its relation with obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: We used data from the Netherlands OCD Association (NOCDA) study, which included 419 participants with OCD (aged 18–79 years). Severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety at baseline and after two, four, and six years were entered into three models, which were analyzed using structural equation modeling: 1) the cross-lagged model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are two distinct groups of symptoms interacting directly on the long-term; 2) the stable traits model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms result from two distinct latent factors, which are stable over the time and interact with each other; and 3) the common factor model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are presentations of the same latent factor. Results: The cross-lagged model and the stable traits model both were valid models with a good model fit. The common factor model had a poor model fit and was rejected. Limitations: The duration of OCD varied widely between the participants (0–64 years). The majority experienced obsessive-compulsive symptoms since several years, which may have affected results on the course of anxiety and the interaction between anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusions: Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients do not result from a shared underlying factor but are distinct, interacting symptom groups, probably interacting by distinct latent factors.
AB - Objective: The study aimed to investigate anxiety and its relation with obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: We used data from the Netherlands OCD Association (NOCDA) study, which included 419 participants with OCD (aged 18–79 years). Severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety at baseline and after two, four, and six years were entered into three models, which were analyzed using structural equation modeling: 1) the cross-lagged model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are two distinct groups of symptoms interacting directly on the long-term; 2) the stable traits model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms result from two distinct latent factors, which are stable over the time and interact with each other; and 3) the common factor model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are presentations of the same latent factor. Results: The cross-lagged model and the stable traits model both were valid models with a good model fit. The common factor model had a poor model fit and was rejected. Limitations: The duration of OCD varied widely between the participants (0–64 years). The majority experienced obsessive-compulsive symptoms since several years, which may have affected results on the course of anxiety and the interaction between anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusions: Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients do not result from a shared underlying factor but are distinct, interacting symptom groups, probably interacting by distinct latent factors.
KW - Anxiety
KW - Co-occurring symptoms
KW - Longitudinal study
KW - Obsessive-compulsive disorder
KW - Obsessive-compulsive symptoms
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175249348&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.078
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.078
M3 - Article
C2 - 37838266
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 345
SP - 311
EP - 319
JO - Journal of affective disorders
JF - Journal of affective disorders
ER -