TY - JOUR
T1 - Are omega-3 fatty acids safe and effective in acute pancreatitis or sepsis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - The Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
AU - Wolbrink, Daniel R. J.
AU - Grundsell, Jessica R.
AU - Witteman, Ben
AU - Poll, Marcel van de
AU - Santvoort, Hjalmar C. van
AU - Issa, Eyad
AU - Dennison, Ashley
AU - Goor, Harry van
AU - Besselink, Marc G.
AU - Bouwense, Stefan A. W.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is marked by a strong pro-inflammatory response, which may cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), organ failure, and death. Early administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) may reduce the pro-inflammatory response and improve outcome in AP. A systematic review focusing on the safety and efficacy of omega-3 FA in AP is lacking. Aim: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intervention with omega-3 FA in acute pancreatitis and additionally in sepsis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases including only randomized controlled trials in AP and, for safety endpoints, in sepsis investigating intervention including omega-3 FA without other active components (e.g. addition of glutamine to the intervention). The primary outcome was mortality. Results: After screening 1186 studies, five randomized trials (n = 229) with omega-3 FA in AP were included. In AP patients treated with omega-3 FA within 48 h after hospitalization, a non-significant reduction of mortality was seen (OR 0∙50, 95%CI 0∙13–1∙99, p = 0∙33), compared to controls. In two studies (n = 85), omega-3 FA reduced the risk of new onset of organ failure (OR 0∙33, 95%CI 0∙12–0∙93, p = 0∙04). Nine randomized trials with 312 patients suffering from sepsis (not pancreatitis related) demonstrated a reduced mortality (OR 0∙52, 95%CI 0∙28–0∙97, p = 0·04). None of these 14 randomized trials reported safety concerns. Conclusions: Administration of omega-3 FA could reduce the risk of new-organ failure in patients with AP. There were no safety issues reported of the early administration of omega-3 FA in any of the included studies. To show the real clinical benefit of omega-3 FA in AP, a large and pragmatic randomized controlled trial is needed.
AB - Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is marked by a strong pro-inflammatory response, which may cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), organ failure, and death. Early administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) may reduce the pro-inflammatory response and improve outcome in AP. A systematic review focusing on the safety and efficacy of omega-3 FA in AP is lacking. Aim: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intervention with omega-3 FA in acute pancreatitis and additionally in sepsis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases including only randomized controlled trials in AP and, for safety endpoints, in sepsis investigating intervention including omega-3 FA without other active components (e.g. addition of glutamine to the intervention). The primary outcome was mortality. Results: After screening 1186 studies, five randomized trials (n = 229) with omega-3 FA in AP were included. In AP patients treated with omega-3 FA within 48 h after hospitalization, a non-significant reduction of mortality was seen (OR 0∙50, 95%CI 0∙13–1∙99, p = 0∙33), compared to controls. In two studies (n = 85), omega-3 FA reduced the risk of new onset of organ failure (OR 0∙33, 95%CI 0∙12–0∙93, p = 0∙04). Nine randomized trials with 312 patients suffering from sepsis (not pancreatitis related) demonstrated a reduced mortality (OR 0∙52, 95%CI 0∙28–0∙97, p = 0·04). None of these 14 randomized trials reported safety concerns. Conclusions: Administration of omega-3 FA could reduce the risk of new-organ failure in patients with AP. There were no safety issues reported of the early administration of omega-3 FA in any of the included studies. To show the real clinical benefit of omega-3 FA in AP, a large and pragmatic randomized controlled trial is needed.
KW - Acute pancreatitis
KW - Anti-inflammatory
KW - Omega-3 fatty acids
KW - Organ failure
KW - Safety
KW - Sepsis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077924735&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.006
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 31959476
SN - 0261-5614
VL - 39
SP - 2686
EP - 2694
JO - Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
JF - Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
IS - 9
ER -