TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations between dimensions of the social environment and cardiometabolic risk factors
T2 - Systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Abreu, Taymara C
AU - Mackenbach, Joreintje D
AU - Heuvelman, Fleur
AU - Schoonmade, Linda J
AU - Beulens, Joline W J
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by EXPOSOME-NL and EXPANSE. EXPOSOME-NL is funded through the Gravitation program of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research ( NWO grant number 024.004.017 ). EXPANSE received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 874627 . The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Funding Information: This work was supported by EXPOSOME-NL and EXPANSE. EXPOSOME-NL is funded through the Gravitation program of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO grant number 024.004.017). EXPANSE received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 874627. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - AIM: The social environment (SE), including social contacts, norms and support, is an understudied element of the living environment which impacts health. We aim to comprehensively summarize the evidence on the association between the SE and risk factors of cardiometabolic disease (CMD).METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on studies published in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection from inception to 16 February 2021. Studies that used a risk factor of CMD, e.g., HbA1c or blood pressure, as outcome and social environmental factors such as area-level deprivation or social network size as independent variables were included. Titles and abstracts were screened in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data appraisal and extraction were based on the study protocol published in PROSPERO. Data were synthesized through vote counting and meta-analyses.RESULTS: From the 7521 records screened, 168 studies reported 1050 associations were included in this review. Four meta-analyses based on 24 associations suggested that an unfavorable social environment was associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors, with three of them being statistically significant. For example, individuals that experienced more economic and social disadvantage had a higher "CVD risk scores" (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.35 to 1.84). Of the 458 associations included in the vote counting, 323 (71%) pointed towards unfavorable social environments being associated with higher CMD risk.CONCLUSION: Higher economic and social disadvantage seem to contribute to unfavorable CMD risk factor profiles, while evidence for other dimensions of the social environment is limited.
AB - AIM: The social environment (SE), including social contacts, norms and support, is an understudied element of the living environment which impacts health. We aim to comprehensively summarize the evidence on the association between the SE and risk factors of cardiometabolic disease (CMD).METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on studies published in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection from inception to 16 February 2021. Studies that used a risk factor of CMD, e.g., HbA1c or blood pressure, as outcome and social environmental factors such as area-level deprivation or social network size as independent variables were included. Titles and abstracts were screened in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data appraisal and extraction were based on the study protocol published in PROSPERO. Data were synthesized through vote counting and meta-analyses.RESULTS: From the 7521 records screened, 168 studies reported 1050 associations were included in this review. Four meta-analyses based on 24 associations suggested that an unfavorable social environment was associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors, with three of them being statistically significant. For example, individuals that experienced more economic and social disadvantage had a higher "CVD risk scores" (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.35 to 1.84). Of the 458 associations included in the vote counting, 323 (71%) pointed towards unfavorable social environments being associated with higher CMD risk.CONCLUSION: Higher economic and social disadvantage seem to contribute to unfavorable CMD risk factor profiles, while evidence for other dimensions of the social environment is limited.
KW - Cardiovascular diseases
KW - Deprivation
KW - Exposome
KW - Metabolic diseases
KW - Social context
KW - Social determinants of health
KW - Social epidemiology
KW - Social networking
KW - Socioeconomic factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183653461&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101559
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101559
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38148999
SN - 2352-8273
VL - 25
SP - 101559
JO - SSM - Population Health
JF - SSM - Population Health
M1 - 101559
ER -