@article{dc8ffc00a7564f4da19c86b10c1726cf,
title = "Associations of maternal zinc and magnesium with offspring learning abilities and cognitive development at 4 years in GUSTO",
abstract = "Objectives: Minerals deficiencies during pregnancy have been shown to be associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in offspring. This study aimed to investigate associations of maternal plasma zinc and magnesium concentrations with cognitive development in 4-year old children from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcome cohort. Methods: Maternal plasma zinc and magnesium concentrations were measured at 26–28 weeks{\textquoteright} gestation. The Lollipop test of school readiness, tests of working memory, number knowledge, receptive vocabulary, and phonological awareness were performed in children at 4 years. Associations were examined in 715 mother-offspring pairs using linear regressions adjusted for key confounders. Results: Maternal plasma zinc and magnesium concentrations were 812 ± 144 µg/L and 19.9 ± 1.8 mg/L (mean±SD); 19% and 71% of mothers were zinc deficient and magnesium insufficient, respectively. After adjustment for multiple testing, higher maternal zinc concentrations (per SD increment) were associated with 0.35 higher scores in Lollipop subtest 2 of picture description and spatial identification (95% CI: 0.13, 0.58); higher maternal magnesium concentrations (per SD increment) were associated with 0.65 higher scores in Lollipop subtest 4 of letters and writing identification (95% CI: 0.23, 1.07). Discussion: No significant associations were observed for other tests, suggesting little long term influences of maternal zinc and magnesium on child's cognitive development.",
keywords = "Zinc, child, cognition, language, magnesium, memory, numeracy, pregnancy, preschool, school readiness",
author = "Lai, {Jun S.} and Shirong Cai and Lei Feng and Shek, {Lynette P.} and Fabian Yap and Tan, {Kok Hian} and Chong, {Yap Seng} and Godfrey, {Keith M.} and Meaney, {Michael J.} and Anne Rifkin-Graboi and Broekman, {Birit F. P.} and Chong, {Mary F. F.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Programme and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health?s National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore under Grant [NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008; NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014]. Additional funding is provided by the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, and Nestec. KMG is supported by the National Institute for Health Research through the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007?2013), project EarlyNutrition under Grant [n?289346]. We will like to acknowledge the contribution of the GUSTO study group: Allan Sheppard, Amutha Chinnadurai, Anne Eng Neo Goh, Anqi Qiu, Arijit Biswas, Bee Wah Lee, Boon Long Quah, Borys Shuter, Chai Kiat Chng, Cheryl Ngo, Choon Looi Bong, Christiani Jeyakumar Henry, Claudia Chi, Cornelia Yin Ing Chee, Yam Thiam Daniel Goh, Doris Fok, E Shyong Tai, Elaine Tham, Elaine Quah Phaik Ling, Evelyn Chung Ning Law, Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo, Fabian Yap, Falk Mueller-Riemenschneider, George Seow Heong Yeo, Helen Chen, Heng Hao Tan, Hugo P S van Bever, Iliana Magiati, Inez Bik Yun Wong, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Izzuddin Bin Mohd Aris, Jeevesh Kapur, Jenny L. Richmond, Jerry Kok Yen Chan, Joanna D. Holbrook, Joanne Yoong, Joao N. Ferreira., Jonathan Tze Liang Choo, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Joshua J. Gooley, Kenneth Kwek, Krishnamoorthy Niduvaje, Kuan Jin Lee, Leher Singh, Lieng Hsi Ling, Lin Lin Su, Ling-Wei Chen, Lourdes Mary Daniel, Marielle V. Fortier, Mark Hanson, Mary Rauff, Mei Chien Chua, Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, Mya Thway Tint, Neerja Karnani, Ngee Lek, Oon Hoe Teoh, P. C. Wong, Paulin Tay Straughan, Pratibha Agarwal, Queenie Ling Jun Li, Rob M. van Dam, Salome A. Rebello, Seang-Mei Saw, See Ling Loy, S. Sendhil Velan, Seng Bin Ang, Shang Chee Chong, Sharon Ng, Shiao-Yng Chan, Shu-E Soh, Sok Bee Lim, Stella Tsotsi, Chin-Ying Stephen Hsu, Sue Anne Toh, Swee Chye Quek, Victor Samuel Rajadurai, Walter Stunkel, Wayne Cutfield, Wee Meng Han, Wei Wei Pang, Yin Bun Cheung, Yiong Huak Chan and Yung Seng Lee. Funding Information: FY, KMG and YSC have received reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products. KMG and YSC are part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestl{\'e} and Danone. Funding Information: This research is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Programme and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health{\textquoteright}s National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore under Grant [NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/ 2008; NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014]. Additional funding is provided by the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, and Nestec. KMG is supported by the National Institute for Health Research through the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and by the European Union Seventh Frame-work Programme (FP7/2007–2013), project EarlyNutrition under Grant [n°289346]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2019.1643624",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "467--476",
journal = "Nutritional neuroscience",
issn = "1028-415X",
publisher = "Maney Publishing",
number = "6",
}