TY - JOUR
T1 - Atypical porcine pestivirus circulation and molecular evolution within an affected swine herd
AU - Folgueiras-González, Alba
AU - van den Braak, Robin
AU - Simmelink, Bartjan
AU - Deijs, Martin
AU - van der Hoek, Lia
AU - de Groof, Ad
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus from the family Flaviviridae, which is linked to congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Here, we retrospectively investigated the molecular evolution of APPV on an affected herd between 2013 and 2019. Monitoring was done at regular intervals, and the same genotype of APPV was found during the entire study period, suggesting no introductions from outside the farm. The nucleotide substitutions over time did not show substantial amino acid variation in the structural glycoproteins. Furthermore, the evolution of the virus showed mainly purifying selection, and no positive selection. The limited pressure on the virus to change at immune-dominant regions suggested that the immune pressure at the farm might be low. In conclusion, farms can have circulation of APPV for years, and massive testing and removal of infected animals are not sufficient to clear the virus from affected farms.
AB - Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus from the family Flaviviridae, which is linked to congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Here, we retrospectively investigated the molecular evolution of APPV on an affected herd between 2013 and 2019. Monitoring was done at regular intervals, and the same genotype of APPV was found during the entire study period, suggesting no introductions from outside the farm. The nucleotide substitutions over time did not show substantial amino acid variation in the structural glycoproteins. Furthermore, the evolution of the virus showed mainly purifying selection, and no positive selection. The limited pressure on the virus to change at immune-dominant regions suggested that the immune pressure at the farm might be low. In conclusion, farms can have circulation of APPV for years, and massive testing and removal of infected animals are not sufficient to clear the virus from affected farms.
KW - Asymptomatic
KW - Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV)
KW - Congenital tremor
KW - Genomic sequence
KW - Pestivirus
KW - Phylogenetic analysis
KW - Purifying selection
KW - Swine
KW - Viral persistence
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091835979&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101080
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101080
M3 - Article
C2 - 32992946
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 12
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
IS - 10
M1 - 1080
ER -