Cancer of the corpus uteri

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in high-income countries. Although the overall prognosis is relatively good, high-grade endometrial cancers have a tendency to recur. Recurrence needs to be prevented since the prognosis for recurrent endometrial cancer is dismal. Treatment tailored to tumor biology is the optimal strategy to balance treatment efficacy against toxicity. Standard treatment consists of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Lymphadenectomy (with ongoing studies of sentinel node biopsy) enables identification of lymph node positive patients who need adjuvant treatment, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is used for Stage I–II patients with high-risk factors and Stage III lymph node negative patients. In advanced disease, a combination of surgery to no residual disease and chemotherapy results in the best outcome. Surgery for recurrent disease is only advocated in patients with a good performance status with a relatively long disease-free interval.