Central vein obstruction in hemodialysis patients: results of radiological and surgical intervention

Symptomatic central venosus obstruction (CVO) in dialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) leads to significant morbidity and patient inconvenience. We evaluated the results of surgical and radiological interventional treatment of symptomatic central venous obstruction. Clinical data, site and length of vein obstruction, type and outcome of intervention were obtained from patient records. Patency rates of radiological and surgical treatment were calculated using Life Table survival analysis. In 28 patients with VH, 45 interventions (percutaneous intervention 30; surgical reconstruction 10; AVF closure five) were performed. Mean vessel obstruction length was 4.9 cm, mainly localized in the subclavian vein (55%). Initial clinical success rate of PTA and surgery was 92%, with complications after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) on six occasions. Restenosis after PTA was observed in 39%. One-year primary and secondary patency after PTA was 50 and 63%, respectively. One-year primary patency after surgical reconstruction was 75%. Symptomatic CVO in dialysis patients with AVFs can be treated with a high success rate through radiological intervention. Surgical reconstruction is an appropriate alternative method in case of failed PTA