TY - JOUR
T1 - Change in Substance Use and the Effects of Social Distancing on Health-Related Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People Living With and Without HIV
AU - Schaaf, Reja E A
AU - Verburgh, Myrthe L
AU - Boyd, Anders
AU - Wit, Ferdinand W
AU - Nieuwkerk, Pythia T
AU - Schim van der Loeff, Maarten F
AU - Reiss, Peter
N1 - Funding Information: F.W.W. has served on scientific advisory boards for ViiV Healthcare and Gilead sciences. MFSvdL has received independent scientific grant support from Sanofi Pasteur, MSD Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, and Merck & Co; has served on advisory boards of GlaxoSmithKline and Merck & Co; and has received nonfinancial support from Stichting Pathologie Onderzoek en Ontwikkeling. P.R. through his institution has received independent scientific grant support from Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc, Merck & Co, and ViiV Healthcare, and has served on scientific advisory boards for Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and Merck & Co, for which honoraria were all paid to his institution. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/11/1
Y1 - 2022/11/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Little is known about the impact of social distancing on health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in older people with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTING: HIV-positive and HIV-negative AGEhIV Cohort Study participants. METHOD: In September-November 2020, participants completed questionnaires on social distancing, change in substance use, health-related quality of life (EQ-6D, including EQ-VAS), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Associations between social distancing and (1) EQ-VAS or (2) PHQ-9 score ≥10 (clinically relevant depressive symptoms) were analyzed using fractional and binomial logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS: Two hundred fourteen HIV-positive and 285 HIV-negative participants were analyzed. 77.4% found social distancing important and 66.9% reported good adherence to these measures, without significant differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants. In both groups, <5% reported increased smoking or recreational drug use, but more HIV-positive (12.2%) than HIV-negative (4.9%) participants (P = 0.005) reported increased/more frequent alcohol use. Median EQ-VAS was slightly lower in HIV-positive (80 IQR = 73-90) than HIV-negative (84 IQR = 75-90) participants (P = 0.041). The prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms was similar (HIV-positive, 8.4% and HIV-negative, 8.8%). Worrying about contracting COVID-19 and having ≥3 (vs no) comorbidities were associated with lower EQ-VAS and finding social distancing easy with higher EQ-VAS. Worrying about contracting COVID-19 and younger than 60 years (vs ≥65) were associated with higher odds of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. HIV status was associated with neither outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Initially during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, a similar majority of HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants reported adhering to social distancing. Irrespective of HIV status, concerns about contracting COVID-19 negatively affected participants' perceived current health and increased risk of depressive symptoms.
AB - BACKGROUND: Little is known about the impact of social distancing on health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in older people with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTING: HIV-positive and HIV-negative AGEhIV Cohort Study participants. METHOD: In September-November 2020, participants completed questionnaires on social distancing, change in substance use, health-related quality of life (EQ-6D, including EQ-VAS), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Associations between social distancing and (1) EQ-VAS or (2) PHQ-9 score ≥10 (clinically relevant depressive symptoms) were analyzed using fractional and binomial logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS: Two hundred fourteen HIV-positive and 285 HIV-negative participants were analyzed. 77.4% found social distancing important and 66.9% reported good adherence to these measures, without significant differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants. In both groups, <5% reported increased smoking or recreational drug use, but more HIV-positive (12.2%) than HIV-negative (4.9%) participants (P = 0.005) reported increased/more frequent alcohol use. Median EQ-VAS was slightly lower in HIV-positive (80 IQR = 73-90) than HIV-negative (84 IQR = 75-90) participants (P = 0.041). The prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms was similar (HIV-positive, 8.4% and HIV-negative, 8.8%). Worrying about contracting COVID-19 and having ≥3 (vs no) comorbidities were associated with lower EQ-VAS and finding social distancing easy with higher EQ-VAS. Worrying about contracting COVID-19 and younger than 60 years (vs ≥65) were associated with higher odds of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. HIV status was associated with neither outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Initially during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, a similar majority of HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants reported adhering to social distancing. Irrespective of HIV status, concerns about contracting COVID-19 negatively affected participants' perceived current health and increased risk of depressive symptoms.
KW - COVID-19
KW - HIV
KW - depressive symptoms
KW - health-related quality of life
KW - social distancing
KW - substance use
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140271525&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000003055
DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000003055
M3 - Article
C2 - 36252241
SN - 1525-4135
VL - 91
SP - 261
EP - 268
JO - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
IS - 3
ER -