TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical–imaging–pathological correlation in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease
AU - van de Veerdonk, Marielle C.
AU - Roosma, Lize
AU - Trip, Pia
AU - Gopalan, Deepa
AU - Noordegraaf, Anton Vonk
AU - Dorfmüller, Peter
AU - Nossent, Esther J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The authors 2024.
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is highly prevalent in patients with left heart disease (LHD) and negatively impacts prognosis. The most common causes of PH associated with LHD (PH-LHD) are left heart failure and valvular heart disease. In LHD, passive backward transmission of increased left-sided filling pressures leads to isolated post-capillary PH. Additional pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling lead to a higher vascular load and combined pre-and post-capillary PH. The increased afterload leads to right ventricular dysfunction and failure. Multimodality imaging of the heart plays a central role in the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of patients with PH-LHD. Echocardiography provides information about the estimated pulmonary artery pressure, morphology and function of the left and right side of the heart, and valvular abnormalities. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for volumetric measurements and provides myocardial tissue characterisation. Computed tomography of the thorax may show general features of PH and/or LHD and is helpful in excluding other PH causes. Histopathology reveals a spectrum of pre-and post-capillary vasculopathy, including intimal fibrosis, media smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, adventitial fibrosis and capillary congestion. In this paper, we provide an overview of clinical, imaging and histopathological findings in PH-LHD based on three clinical cases.
AB - Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is highly prevalent in patients with left heart disease (LHD) and negatively impacts prognosis. The most common causes of PH associated with LHD (PH-LHD) are left heart failure and valvular heart disease. In LHD, passive backward transmission of increased left-sided filling pressures leads to isolated post-capillary PH. Additional pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling lead to a higher vascular load and combined pre-and post-capillary PH. The increased afterload leads to right ventricular dysfunction and failure. Multimodality imaging of the heart plays a central role in the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of patients with PH-LHD. Echocardiography provides information about the estimated pulmonary artery pressure, morphology and function of the left and right side of the heart, and valvular abnormalities. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for volumetric measurements and provides myocardial tissue characterisation. Computed tomography of the thorax may show general features of PH and/or LHD and is helpful in excluding other PH causes. Histopathology reveals a spectrum of pre-and post-capillary vasculopathy, including intimal fibrosis, media smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, adventitial fibrosis and capillary congestion. In this paper, we provide an overview of clinical, imaging and histopathological findings in PH-LHD based on three clinical cases.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85186576101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1183/16000617.0144-2023
DO - 10.1183/16000617.0144-2023
M3 - Article
C2 - 38417969
SN - 0905-9180
VL - 33
JO - European Respiratory Review
JF - European Respiratory Review
IS - 171
M1 - 230144
ER -