de Toni-Fanconi-Debré syndrome with Leigh syndrome revealing severe muscle cytochrome c oxidase deficiency

We describe a patient with severe muscle cytochrome c oxidase deficiency who had de Toni-Fanconi-Debré syndrome and acute neurologic deterioration resembling Leigh syndrome, without clear evidence of muscle abnormality. Metabolic investigations revealed elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactate values contrasting with normal blood lactate, and high 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio with normal lactate/pyruvate ratio. This case emphasizes the importance of performing metabolic and biochemical investigations in every patient with Leigh syndrome, even in the absence of hyperlactatemia or myopathy