TY - JOUR
T1 - Depression and the risk for cardiovascular diseases
T2 - Systematic review and meta analysis
AU - Van der Kooy, Koen
AU - van Hout, Hein
AU - Marwijk, Harm
AU - Marten, Haan
AU - Stehouwer, Coen
AU - Beekman, Aartjan
PY - 2007/7
Y1 - 2007/7
N2 - Background: Depression and cardiovascular diseases are both common among elderly. Depression is suspected to be an independent risk factor for the onset of coronary heart disease, yet it is not clear to what extent and if depression also is associated with the onset of other diseases of the circulatory system. Aims: To estimate the risk of depression as an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and explore the effects of heterogeneity and methodological quality. Method: Meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses of longitudinal cohort and case-control studies reporting depression at baseline and CVD outcomes at follow-up. Data sources: MEDLINE (1966-2005) and PSYCHINFO (1966-2005). Results: Of the 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 11 were assesed as high quality studies. Although depressed mood increased the risk for a wide range of CVDs, heterogeneity was substantial in most cases. Only the overall combined risk of depression for the onset of myocardial infarctions (n=8, OR=1.60, 95%CI 1.34-1.92) was homogenous. Clinically diagnosed major depressive disorder was identified as the most important risk factor for developing CVD. Conclusions: Depression seems to be an independent risk factor for the onset of a wide range of CVDs, although this evidence is related to a high level of heterogeneity.
AB - Background: Depression and cardiovascular diseases are both common among elderly. Depression is suspected to be an independent risk factor for the onset of coronary heart disease, yet it is not clear to what extent and if depression also is associated with the onset of other diseases of the circulatory system. Aims: To estimate the risk of depression as an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and explore the effects of heterogeneity and methodological quality. Method: Meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses of longitudinal cohort and case-control studies reporting depression at baseline and CVD outcomes at follow-up. Data sources: MEDLINE (1966-2005) and PSYCHINFO (1966-2005). Results: Of the 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 11 were assesed as high quality studies. Although depressed mood increased the risk for a wide range of CVDs, heterogeneity was substantial in most cases. Only the overall combined risk of depression for the onset of myocardial infarctions (n=8, OR=1.60, 95%CI 1.34-1.92) was homogenous. Clinically diagnosed major depressive disorder was identified as the most important risk factor for developing CVD. Conclusions: Depression seems to be an independent risk factor for the onset of a wide range of CVDs, although this evidence is related to a high level of heterogeneity.
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Depression
KW - Stroke
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34250890185&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1723
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1723
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17236251
SN - 0885-6230
VL - 22
SP - 613
EP - 626
JO - International journal of geriatric psychiatry
JF - International journal of geriatric psychiatry
IS - 7
ER -