TY - JOUR
T1 - Developmental trajectories of spoken language comprehension and functional communication in children with cerebral palsy
T2 - A prospective cohort study
AU - Vaillant, Emma
AU - Oostrom, Kim J
AU - Beckerman, Heleen
AU - Vermeulen, R Jeroen
AU - Buizer, Annemieke I
AU - Geytenbeek, Johanna J M
N1 - Funding Information: We thank the participants, their parents, and the speech–language therapists who participated in this study. We acknowledge Chantal Top-Meerding and Karen van Meeteren (Stichting OuderInzicht), Marloes van Gorp, and Federica Nava for their contributions. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Mac Keith Press.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - Aim: To investigate spoken language comprehension (SLC), single-word comprehension (SWC), functional communication development, and their determinants, in children with cerebral palsy. Method: This was a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands spanning 2 years 6 months. The main outcomes were SLC and SWC, assessed by the Computer-Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C-BiLLT) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III-NL (PPVT-III-NL) respectively; and functional communication, measured by a subscale of the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six-34 (FOCUS-34). Linear mixed models were used to determine developmental trajectories, which were compared with norm and reference data. Potential determinants, for example intellectual functions, speech production, functional communication level (classified with the Communication Function Classification System, CFCS), and functional mobility, were added to assess their effects. Results: Children with cerebral palsy (n = 188; mean age 59 months, range 17–110) were monitored for 2 years 6 months. Developmental trajectories for SLC (C-BiLLT) and SWC (PPVT-III-NL) were nonlinear; those for functional communication (FOCUS-34) were linear. Compared with norm and reference groups, significantly delayed SLC, SWC, and functional communication development were found. Determinants for SLC and SWC were intellectual functions and functional communication level (CFCS); and for functional communication development (FOCUS-34), speech production and arm–hand functioning. Interpretation: Children with cerebral palsy showed delayed SLC, SWC, and functional communication development compared with norm and reference groups. Remarkably, functional mobility was not associated with the development of SLC, SWC, or functional communication. What this paper adds: Children with cerebral palsy have delayed spoken language comprehension (SLC), single-word comprehension (SWC), and functional communication development, compared to norm and reference data. Determinants for SLC and SWC development are intellectual functions and functional communication level. Determinants for functional communication development are speech production and arm–hand functioning. Functional mobility is not associated with SLC, SWC, or functional communication.
AB - Aim: To investigate spoken language comprehension (SLC), single-word comprehension (SWC), functional communication development, and their determinants, in children with cerebral palsy. Method: This was a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands spanning 2 years 6 months. The main outcomes were SLC and SWC, assessed by the Computer-Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C-BiLLT) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III-NL (PPVT-III-NL) respectively; and functional communication, measured by a subscale of the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six-34 (FOCUS-34). Linear mixed models were used to determine developmental trajectories, which were compared with norm and reference data. Potential determinants, for example intellectual functions, speech production, functional communication level (classified with the Communication Function Classification System, CFCS), and functional mobility, were added to assess their effects. Results: Children with cerebral palsy (n = 188; mean age 59 months, range 17–110) were monitored for 2 years 6 months. Developmental trajectories for SLC (C-BiLLT) and SWC (PPVT-III-NL) were nonlinear; those for functional communication (FOCUS-34) were linear. Compared with norm and reference groups, significantly delayed SLC, SWC, and functional communication development were found. Determinants for SLC and SWC were intellectual functions and functional communication level (CFCS); and for functional communication development (FOCUS-34), speech production and arm–hand functioning. Interpretation: Children with cerebral palsy showed delayed SLC, SWC, and functional communication development compared with norm and reference groups. Remarkably, functional mobility was not associated with the development of SLC, SWC, or functional communication. What this paper adds: Children with cerebral palsy have delayed spoken language comprehension (SLC), single-word comprehension (SWC), and functional communication development, compared to norm and reference data. Determinants for SLC and SWC development are intellectual functions and functional communication level. Determinants for functional communication development are speech production and arm–hand functioning. Functional mobility is not associated with SLC, SWC, or functional communication.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85162895273&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15673
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15673
M3 - Article
C2 - 37349942
SN - 0012-1622
VL - 66
SP - 95
EP - 105
JO - Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
JF - Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
IS - 1
ER -