TY - JOUR
T1 - Disorders of sex development and gender identity outcome in adolescence and adulthood
T2 - Understanding gender identity development and its clinical implications
AU - De Vries, Annelou L.C.
AU - Doreleijers, Theo A.H.
AU - Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.
PY - 2007/6/1
Y1 - 2007/6/1
N2 - This article reviews studies on gender identity outcome in individuals with disorders of sex development (DSD). It appears that a high percentage of affected individuals suffer from gender dysphoria. However, these figures differ substantially among the various DSD and they never reach 100%. From the studies it also becomes clear that a distinction should be made between gender role behavior and gender identity. Put in a broader theoretical framework, there is now more evidence that biological factors influence the development of gender role behavior than gender identity. Developmental psychology studies add evidence that social and psychological factors play a role as well in gender development. Clinicians should be aware of, but not overestimate the influences of neurobiological factors in gender development.
AB - This article reviews studies on gender identity outcome in individuals with disorders of sex development (DSD). It appears that a high percentage of affected individuals suffer from gender dysphoria. However, these figures differ substantially among the various DSD and they never reach 100%. From the studies it also becomes clear that a distinction should be made between gender role behavior and gender identity. Put in a broader theoretical framework, there is now more evidence that biological factors influence the development of gender role behavior than gender identity. Developmental psychology studies add evidence that social and psychological factors play a role as well in gender development. Clinicians should be aware of, but not overestimate the influences of neurobiological factors in gender development.
KW - Adolescence
KW - Adulthood
KW - Disorders of sex development
KW - Gender dysphoria, gender identity disorder
KW - Gender identity development
KW - Sex (Re)assignment
KW - Treatment outcome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34547097756&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17643082
SN - 1565-4753
VL - 4
SP - 343
EP - 351
JO - Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews
JF - Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews
IS - 4
ER -