TY - JOUR
T1 - EAACI guidelines on the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy
AU - Santos, Alexandra F.
AU - Riggioni, Carmen
AU - Agache, Ioana
AU - Akdis, Cezmi A.
AU - Akdis, Mubeccel
AU - Alvarez-Perea, Alberto
AU - Alvaro-Lozano, Montserrat
AU - Ballmer-Weber, Barbara
AU - Barni, Simona
AU - Beyer, Kirsten
AU - Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten
AU - Brough, Helen A.
AU - Buyuktiryaki, Betul
AU - Chu, Derek
AU - del Giacco, Stefano
AU - Dunn-Galvin, Audrey
AU - Eberlein, Bernadette
AU - Ebisawa, Motohiro
AU - Eigenmann, Philippe
AU - Eiwegger, Thomas
AU - Feeney, Mary
AU - Fernandez-Rivas, Montserrat
AU - Fisher, Helen R.
AU - Fleischer, David M.
AU - Giovannini, Mattia
AU - Gray, Claudia
AU - Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin
AU - Halken, Susanne
AU - Hourihane, Jonathan O. B.
AU - Jones, Christina J.
AU - Jutel, Marek
AU - Knol, Edward
AU - Konstantinou, George N.
AU - Lack, Gideon
AU - Lau, Susanne
AU - Marques Mejias, Andreina
AU - Marchisotto, Mary Jane
AU - Meyer, Rosan
AU - Mortz, Charlotte G.
AU - Moya, Beatriz
AU - Muraro, Antonella
AU - Nilsson, Caroline
AU - Lopes de Oliveira, Lucila Camargo
AU - O’Mahony, Liam
AU - Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.
AU - Perrett, Kirsten
AU - Peters, Rachel L.
AU - Podesta, Marcia
AU - Poulsen, Lars K.
AU - Roberts, Graham
AU - Sampson, Hugh A.
AU - Schwarze, J. rgen
AU - Smith, Peter
AU - Tham, Elizabeth Huiwen
AU - Untersmayr, Eva
AU - van Ree, Ronald
AU - Venter, Carina
AU - Vickery, Brian P.
AU - Vlieg-Boerstra, Berber
AU - Werfel, Thomas
AU - Worm, Margitta
AU - du Toit, George
AU - Skypala, Isabel
N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Jeanette Kobler from the EAACI team for logistical and administrative support; and earlier members of the group of methodologists, including Jon Genuneit, Robert Boyle and Daniel Munblit, for the helpful discussions in an earlier stage of the project. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guideline provides recommendations for diagnosing IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Food allergy diagnosis starts with an allergy-focused clinical history followed by tests to determine IgE sensitization, such as serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT), and the basophil activation test (BAT), if available. Evidence for IgE sensitization should be sought for any suspected foods. The diagnosis of allergy to some foods, such as peanut and cashew nut, is well supported by SPT and serum sIgE, whereas there are less data and the performance of these tests is poorer for other foods, such as wheat and soya. The measurement of sIgE to allergen components such as Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut and Ana o 3 from cashew can be useful to further support the diagnosis, especially in pollen-sensitized individuals. BAT to peanut and sesame can be used additionally. The reference standard for food allergy diagnosis is the oral food challenge (OFC). OFC should be performed in equivocal cases. For practical reasons, open challenges are suitable in most cases. Reassessment of food allergic children with allergy tests and/or OFCs periodically over time will enable reintroduction of food into the diet in the case of spontaneous acquisition of oral tolerance.
AB - This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guideline provides recommendations for diagnosing IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Food allergy diagnosis starts with an allergy-focused clinical history followed by tests to determine IgE sensitization, such as serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT), and the basophil activation test (BAT), if available. Evidence for IgE sensitization should be sought for any suspected foods. The diagnosis of allergy to some foods, such as peanut and cashew nut, is well supported by SPT and serum sIgE, whereas there are less data and the performance of these tests is poorer for other foods, such as wheat and soya. The measurement of sIgE to allergen components such as Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut and Ana o 3 from cashew can be useful to further support the diagnosis, especially in pollen-sensitized individuals. BAT to peanut and sesame can be used additionally. The reference standard for food allergy diagnosis is the oral food challenge (OFC). OFC should be performed in equivocal cases. For practical reasons, open challenges are suitable in most cases. Reassessment of food allergic children with allergy tests and/or OFCs periodically over time will enable reintroduction of food into the diet in the case of spontaneous acquisition of oral tolerance.
KW - basophil activation test
KW - diagnosis
KW - food allergy
KW - oral food challenges
KW - skin prick test
KW - specific IgE
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173780179&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15902
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15902
M3 - Article
C2 - 37815205
SN - 0105-4538
VL - 78
SP - 3057
EP - 3076
JO - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 12
ER -