TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of a 1 year aerobic and strength training on cognitive functioning after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke
T2 - A randomized controlled trial
AU - Deijle, Inger A.
AU - Jonkers, Ilse M.
AU - Hooghiemstra, Astrid M.
AU - Engels, Gwenda
AU - Twisk, Jos W. R.
AU - Weinstein, Henry C.
AU - van Schaik, Sander M.
AU - van den Berg-Vos, Renske M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - Objectives: Patients who have recently suffered a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke are at increased risk of cognitive impairment. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a 1-year exercise intervention on cognitive functioning up to 2 years post intervention. Material and methods: We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of an exercise intervention on cognitive functioning, compared with usual care, for up to 2 years. Patients with a TIA or minor stroke were randomly allocated to an intervention group receiving the 1-year exercise intervention (n = 60) or to usual care (n = 59). Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. We measured cognition with neuropsychological tests on three domains: (1) executive functioning, (2) attention-psychomotor speed, and (3) memory. Linear mixed models were used for longitudinal data to determine the effect of the exercise intervention on cognitive functioning. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software 24.0. Results: We found that over the two years study period –and corrected for age, sex, and educational level– the intervention group on average improved significantly more in executive functioning than the control group (β = 0.13; 95 % CI [0.02 to 0.25]; p = 0.03). No significant intervention effects were found on either memory or attention-psychomotor speed. Conclusions: Our data show that a 1-year exercise intervention significantly improved executive functioning over time, compared to usual care. We recommend that health care professionals consider broadening standard secondary stroke prevention treatment in patients with TIA/minor stroke by adding exercise and physical activity.
AB - Objectives: Patients who have recently suffered a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke are at increased risk of cognitive impairment. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a 1-year exercise intervention on cognitive functioning up to 2 years post intervention. Material and methods: We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of an exercise intervention on cognitive functioning, compared with usual care, for up to 2 years. Patients with a TIA or minor stroke were randomly allocated to an intervention group receiving the 1-year exercise intervention (n = 60) or to usual care (n = 59). Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. We measured cognition with neuropsychological tests on three domains: (1) executive functioning, (2) attention-psychomotor speed, and (3) memory. Linear mixed models were used for longitudinal data to determine the effect of the exercise intervention on cognitive functioning. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software 24.0. Results: We found that over the two years study period –and corrected for age, sex, and educational level– the intervention group on average improved significantly more in executive functioning than the control group (β = 0.13; 95 % CI [0.02 to 0.25]; p = 0.03). No significant intervention effects were found on either memory or attention-psychomotor speed. Conclusions: Our data show that a 1-year exercise intervention significantly improved executive functioning over time, compared to usual care. We recommend that health care professionals consider broadening standard secondary stroke prevention treatment in patients with TIA/minor stroke by adding exercise and physical activity.
KW - Aerobic exercise
KW - Cognitive function
KW - Ischemic stroke
KW - Strength training
KW - Transient ischemic attack
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178191191&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107441
DO - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107441
M3 - Article
C2 - 37966094
SN - 1052-3057
VL - 33
JO - Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
JF - Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
IS - 1
M1 - 107441
ER -