@article{e5981b8466f04cd180c324faba2ce354,
title = "End-of-life care across Southern Europe: A critical review of cultural similarities and differences between Italy, Spain and Portugal",
abstract = "Evidence from a range of sources demonstrates that end-of-life (EoL) care practices and preferences vary across countries; culture is consistently one of the main explanations given for this. In order to understand how cultural factors are used to explain similarities and differences in EoL care between Spain, Italy and Portugal, database and hand searches were performed and cross-cutting core themes identified. Similarities included higher proportions of people who wished to die at home than actually died at home, a persistent trend for partial disclosure in Italy and Spain, low use of advance directives, and low incidence of all medical EoL decisions (with the exception of terminal sedation) compared to northern European countries. The role of religion and the importance of family ties were the two main cultural factors used to explain the similarities. Further research is needed in order to interpret the important differences that were also found.",
keywords = "Culture, End of life, Family, Palliative care, Religion, Southern Europe",
author = "Arantza Me{\~n}aca and Natalie Evans and Andrew, {Erin V.W.} and Franco Toscani and Silvia Finetti and Xavier G{\'o}mez-Batiste and Higginson, {Irene J.} and Richard Harding and Robert Pool and Marjolein Gysels",
note = "Funding Information: PRISMA is funded by the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (contract number: Health-F2-2008-201655 ) with the overall aim to co-ordinate high-quality international research into end-of-life cancer care. PRISMA aims to provide evidence and guidance on best practice to ensure that research can measure and improve outcomes for patients and families. PRISMA activities aim to reflect the preferences and cultural diversities of citizens, the clinical priorities of clinicians, and appropriately measure multidimensional outcomes across settings where end-of-life care is delivered. Principal Investigator: Richard Harding. Scientific Director: Irene J. Higginson. In recognition of the collaborative nature of PRISMA, the authors thank the following PRISMA members: Gwenda Albers, Barbara Antunes, Ana Barros Pinto, Claudia Bausewein, Dorothee Bechinger-English, Hamid Benalia, Lucy Bradley, Lucas Ceulemans, Barbara A. Daveson, Luc Deliens, No{\"e}l Derycke, Martine de Vlieger, Let Dillen, Julia Downing, Michael Echteld, Natalie Evans, Dagny Faksv{\aa}g Haugen, Lindsay Flood, Nancy Gikaara, Barbara Gomes, Marjolein Gysels, Sue Hall, Richard Harding, Irene J Higginson, Stein Kaasa, Jonathan Koffman, Pedro Lopes Ferreira, Johan Menten, Natalia Monteiro Calanzani, Fliss Murtagh, Bregje Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Roeline Pasman, Francesca Pettenati, Robert Pool, Tony Powell, Miel Ribbe, Katrin Sigurdardottir, Steffen Simon, Franco Toscani, Bart van den Eynden, Jenny van der Steen, Paul Vanden Berghe, and Trudie van Iersel.",
year = "2012",
month = jun,
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.06.002",
language = "English",
volume = "82",
pages = "387--401",
journal = "Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology",
issn = "1040-8428",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
number = "3",
}