TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimation of potassium intake: single versus repeated measurements and the associated cardiorenal risk
AU - Olde Engberink, Rik H.
AU - van den Born, Bert-Jan H.
AU - Peters-Sengers, Hessel
AU - Vogt, Liffert
N1 - Funding Information: Funding This work was part of the K+onsortium which is supported by a grant from the Dutch Kidney Foundation (CP16.01). Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: High potassium intake has been associated with lower blood pressure and a lower incidence of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events. In cohort studies, potassium intake is often estimated with a single 24-h urine collection. However, this may not represent actual long-term individual intake. We assessed whether a single baseline versus multiple follow-up measurements of 24-h urine potassium excretion results in different estimates of individual potassium intake and different associations between potassium intake and long-term outcome. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in outpatient subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who had sampled a 24-h urine collection at baseline and had ≥1 collection during a 17-year follow-up. Potassium intake was estimated with a single baseline 24-h urine collection but also during 1-year, 5-year, and 15-year follow-up. We used cox regression analysis to assess the association between cardiorenal outcome and estimated potassium intake. Results: Average population (n = 541) 24-h potassium excretion was similar at baseline and follow-up but significant individual changes in potassium intake between baseline and follow-up were observed. Forty-four percent of the subjects switched between tertiles of estimated potassium intake when follow-up measurements were used instead of baseline measurements. Hazard ratios for renal and cardiovascular outcomes were 6.9 and 1.7 times higher when follow-up estimates of potassium intake were replaced by baseline estimates. Conclusions: Estimated potassium intake and its association with long-term outcome change significantly when multiple follow-ups 24-h urine collections are used for estimation of potassium intake instead of a single baseline measurement.
AB - Background: High potassium intake has been associated with lower blood pressure and a lower incidence of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events. In cohort studies, potassium intake is often estimated with a single 24-h urine collection. However, this may not represent actual long-term individual intake. We assessed whether a single baseline versus multiple follow-up measurements of 24-h urine potassium excretion results in different estimates of individual potassium intake and different associations between potassium intake and long-term outcome. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in outpatient subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who had sampled a 24-h urine collection at baseline and had ≥1 collection during a 17-year follow-up. Potassium intake was estimated with a single baseline 24-h urine collection but also during 1-year, 5-year, and 15-year follow-up. We used cox regression analysis to assess the association between cardiorenal outcome and estimated potassium intake. Results: Average population (n = 541) 24-h potassium excretion was similar at baseline and follow-up but significant individual changes in potassium intake between baseline and follow-up were observed. Forty-four percent of the subjects switched between tertiles of estimated potassium intake when follow-up measurements were used instead of baseline measurements. Hazard ratios for renal and cardiovascular outcomes were 6.9 and 1.7 times higher when follow-up estimates of potassium intake were replaced by baseline estimates. Conclusions: Estimated potassium intake and its association with long-term outcome change significantly when multiple follow-ups 24-h urine collections are used for estimation of potassium intake instead of a single baseline measurement.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108006155&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-021-00951-0
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-021-00951-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 34131298
SN - 0954-3007
JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
ER -