TY - JOUR
T1 - Faecal occult blood loss accurately predicts future detection of colorectal cancer. A prognostic model
AU - Meester, Reinier G. S.
AU - van de Schootbrugge-Vandermeer, Hilliene J.
AU - Breekveldt, Emilie C. H.
AU - de Jonge, Lucie
AU - Toes-Zoutendijk, Esther
AU - Kooyker, Arthur
AU - Nieboer, Daan
AU - Ramakers, Christian R.
AU - Spaander, Manon C. W.
AU - van Vuuren, Anneke J.
AU - Kuipers, Ernst J.
AU - van Kemenade, Folkert J.
AU - Nagtegaal, Iris D.
AU - Dekker, Evelien
AU - van Leerdam, Monique E.
AU - Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Iris
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
PY - 2022/5/10
Y1 - 2022/5/10
N2 - Objectives To examine the prognostic potential of repeated faecal haemoglobin (F-Hb) concentration measurements in faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). Design Prognostic model. Setting Dutch biennial FIT-based screening programme during 2014-2018. Participants 265 881 participants completing three rounds of FIT, with negative test results (F-Hb <47 μg Hb/g faeces) in rounds 1 and 2. Interventions Colonoscopy follow-up in participants with a positive FIT (F-Hb ≥47 μg Hb/g faeces). Main outcomes We evaluated prognostic models for detecting advanced neoplasia (AN) and CRC in round 3, with as predictors, participant age, sex, F-Hb in rounds 1 and 2, and categories/combinations/non-linear transformations of F-Hb. Primary evaluation criteria included: risk prediction accuracy (calibration), discrimination of participants with versus without AN or CRC (optimism-adjusted C-statistics, range 0.5-1.0), the degree of risk stratification and C-statistics in external validation. Results Among study participants, 8806 (3.3%) had a positive FIT result, 3254 (1.2%) had AN detected and 557 (0.2%) had cancer. F-Hb concentrations in rounds 1 and 2 were the strongest outcome predictors, with adjusted ORs of up to 9.4 (95% CI 7.5 to 11.7) for the highest F-Hb category. Risk predictions matched the observed risk for most participants (calibration intercept -0.008 to -0.099; slope 0.982-0.998), and discriminated participants with versus without AN or CRC with C-statistics of 0.78 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.79) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.75), respectively. The predicted risk ranged from 0.4% to 36.7% for AN and from 0.0% to 5.5% for CRC across participants. In external validation, the model retained similar discrimination accuracy for AN (C-statistic 0.77, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.87) and CRC (C-statistic 0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.91). Conclusion Participants at lower versus higher risk of future AN or CRC can be accurately identified based on their age, sex and particularly, prior F-Hb concentrations. Risk stratification should be considered based on this information.
AB - Objectives To examine the prognostic potential of repeated faecal haemoglobin (F-Hb) concentration measurements in faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). Design Prognostic model. Setting Dutch biennial FIT-based screening programme during 2014-2018. Participants 265 881 participants completing three rounds of FIT, with negative test results (F-Hb <47 μg Hb/g faeces) in rounds 1 and 2. Interventions Colonoscopy follow-up in participants with a positive FIT (F-Hb ≥47 μg Hb/g faeces). Main outcomes We evaluated prognostic models for detecting advanced neoplasia (AN) and CRC in round 3, with as predictors, participant age, sex, F-Hb in rounds 1 and 2, and categories/combinations/non-linear transformations of F-Hb. Primary evaluation criteria included: risk prediction accuracy (calibration), discrimination of participants with versus without AN or CRC (optimism-adjusted C-statistics, range 0.5-1.0), the degree of risk stratification and C-statistics in external validation. Results Among study participants, 8806 (3.3%) had a positive FIT result, 3254 (1.2%) had AN detected and 557 (0.2%) had cancer. F-Hb concentrations in rounds 1 and 2 were the strongest outcome predictors, with adjusted ORs of up to 9.4 (95% CI 7.5 to 11.7) for the highest F-Hb category. Risk predictions matched the observed risk for most participants (calibration intercept -0.008 to -0.099; slope 0.982-0.998), and discriminated participants with versus without AN or CRC with C-statistics of 0.78 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.79) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.75), respectively. The predicted risk ranged from 0.4% to 36.7% for AN and from 0.0% to 5.5% for CRC across participants. In external validation, the model retained similar discrimination accuracy for AN (C-statistic 0.77, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.87) and CRC (C-statistic 0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.91). Conclusion Participants at lower versus higher risk of future AN or CRC can be accurately identified based on their age, sex and particularly, prior F-Hb concentrations. Risk stratification should be considered based on this information.
KW - colorectal neoplasm
KW - screening
KW - stool markers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131416339&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327188
DO - https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327188
M3 - Article
C2 - 35537811
SN - 0017-5749
VL - 72
SP - 101
EP - 108
JO - Gut
JF - Gut
IS - 1
ER -