TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional Fecal Incontinence in Children: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management
AU - Rajindrajith, Shaman
AU - Devanarayana, Niranga Manjuri
AU - Thapar, Nikhil
AU - Benninga, Marc Alexander
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.
PY - 2021/6/1
Y1 - 2021/6/1
N2 - ABSTRACT: Functional fecal incontinence (FI) is a worldwide problem in children and comprises constipation-associated FI and nonretentive FI. Irrespective of pathophysiology, both disorders impact negatively on the psychological well-being and quality of life of affected children. A thorough clinical history and physical examination using the Rome IV criteria are usually sufficient to diagnose these conditions in most children. Evolving investigations such as high-resolution anorectal and colonic manometry have shed new light on the pathophysiology of functional FI. Although conventional interventions such as toilet training and laxatives successfully treat most children with constipation-associated FI, children with nonretentive FI need more psychologically based therapeutic options. Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin, transanal irrigation and, in select cases, surgical interventions have been used in more resistant children with constipation-associated FI.
AB - ABSTRACT: Functional fecal incontinence (FI) is a worldwide problem in children and comprises constipation-associated FI and nonretentive FI. Irrespective of pathophysiology, both disorders impact negatively on the psychological well-being and quality of life of affected children. A thorough clinical history and physical examination using the Rome IV criteria are usually sufficient to diagnose these conditions in most children. Evolving investigations such as high-resolution anorectal and colonic manometry have shed new light on the pathophysiology of functional FI. Although conventional interventions such as toilet training and laxatives successfully treat most children with constipation-associated FI, children with nonretentive FI need more psychologically based therapeutic options. Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin, transanal irrigation and, in select cases, surgical interventions have been used in more resistant children with constipation-associated FI.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106541004&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000003056
DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000003056
M3 - Article
C2 - 33534361
SN - 0277-2116
VL - 72
SP - 794
EP - 801
JO - Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
JF - Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
IS - 6
ER -