Human structural MRI

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system featuring different forms of structural damage, such as lesions and atrophy. The extent and severity of this damage is highly heterogeneous between patients and requires different types of imaging modalities to visualize. In this chapter, different types of pathologies visible on conventional and advanced imaging methods are outlined. Recent concepts based on these findings are discussed, highlighting critical structures where damage is most predictive for disease progression, concluding with future perspectives.