TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune-competent human skin disease models
AU - Bergers, Lambert I. J. C.
AU - Reijnders, Christianne M. A.
AU - van den Broek, Lenie J.
AU - Spiekstra, Sander W.
AU - de Gruijl, Tanja D.
AU - Weijers, Ester M.
AU - Gibbs, Susan
PY - 2016/9
Y1 - 2016/9
N2 - All skin diseases have an underlying immune component. Owing to differences in animal and human immunology, the majority of drugs fail in the preclinical or clinical testing phases. Therefore animal alternative methods that incorporate human immunology into in vitro skin disease models are required to move the field forward. This review summarizes the progress, using examples from fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, cancer and contact allergy. The emphasis is on co-cultures and 3D organotypic models. Our conclusion is that current models are inadequate and future developments with immune-competent skin-on-chip models based on induced pluripotent stem cells could provide a next generation of skin models for drug discovery and testing.
AB - All skin diseases have an underlying immune component. Owing to differences in animal and human immunology, the majority of drugs fail in the preclinical or clinical testing phases. Therefore animal alternative methods that incorporate human immunology into in vitro skin disease models are required to move the field forward. This review summarizes the progress, using examples from fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, cancer and contact allergy. The emphasis is on co-cultures and 3D organotypic models. Our conclusion is that current models are inadequate and future developments with immune-competent skin-on-chip models based on induced pluripotent stem cells could provide a next generation of skin models for drug discovery and testing.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84988329134&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 27265772
SN - 1359-6446
VL - 21
SP - 1479
EP - 1488
JO - Drug Discovery Today
JF - Drug Discovery Today
IS - 9
ER -