TY - JOUR
T1 - Incomplete nuclear transformation of human spermatozoa in oligo-astheno-teratospermia
T2 - Characterization by indirect immunofluorescence of chromatin and thiol status
AU - Ramos, L.
AU - Van Der Heijden, G. W.
AU - Derijck, A.
AU - Berden, J. H.
AU - Kremer, J. A.M.
AU - Van Der Vlag, J.
AU - De Boer, P.
PY - 2008/2
Y1 - 2008/2
N2 - BACKGROUND: Sperm heterogeneity in the human, as observed in oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT), is associated with hypospermatogenesis. METHODS: The chromatin of sperm from OAT and normospermic males was characterized with antibodies specific for nucleosomes, the histone H3.1/H3.2 isoform, histone TH2B, apoptosis-associated H4 acetylation (KM-2) and protamines. Subsequently, sperm samples were stained with the thiol-specific fluorochrome monobromobimane (mBBr) before and after reduction with dithiotreitol (DTT) as most thiol groups reside in the cysteine-rich protamines. We also used fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) for sperm histograms and sorting for high or low free and total thiol levels. These fractions were further analysed for DNA damage with the TdT-UTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: OAT sperm nuclei stained higher for nucleosomes and KM2-epitopes, and lower for TH2B. For free, and total, thiol groups, OAT sperm were characterized by biphasic distributions, reflecting incomplete thiol oxidation as well as overoxidation, and possibly reduced protamine contents. The TUNEL assay on sperm subfractions, for both control and OAT sperm, revealed that a lower level of free thiol groups is associated with a higher TUNEL incidence, and this relationship was also found for total thiol levels. Hence, both overoxidation and a low total number of thiol groups predestine for sperm apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Chromatin characteristics reflecting an incomplete nucleosome to protamine remodelling were found in subfertile males. Sperm apoptosis is related to both incomplete remodelling and protamine overoxidation.
AB - BACKGROUND: Sperm heterogeneity in the human, as observed in oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT), is associated with hypospermatogenesis. METHODS: The chromatin of sperm from OAT and normospermic males was characterized with antibodies specific for nucleosomes, the histone H3.1/H3.2 isoform, histone TH2B, apoptosis-associated H4 acetylation (KM-2) and protamines. Subsequently, sperm samples were stained with the thiol-specific fluorochrome monobromobimane (mBBr) before and after reduction with dithiotreitol (DTT) as most thiol groups reside in the cysteine-rich protamines. We also used fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) for sperm histograms and sorting for high or low free and total thiol levels. These fractions were further analysed for DNA damage with the TdT-UTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: OAT sperm nuclei stained higher for nucleosomes and KM2-epitopes, and lower for TH2B. For free, and total, thiol groups, OAT sperm were characterized by biphasic distributions, reflecting incomplete thiol oxidation as well as overoxidation, and possibly reduced protamine contents. The TUNEL assay on sperm subfractions, for both control and OAT sperm, revealed that a lower level of free thiol groups is associated with a higher TUNEL incidence, and this relationship was also found for total thiol levels. Hence, both overoxidation and a low total number of thiol groups predestine for sperm apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Chromatin characteristics reflecting an incomplete nucleosome to protamine remodelling were found in subfertile males. Sperm apoptosis is related to both incomplete remodelling and protamine overoxidation.
KW - Chromatin condensation
KW - Histones
KW - OAT
KW - Protamines
KW - Spermiogenesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=40349108579&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem365
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem365
M3 - Article
C2 - 18056059
SN - 0268-1161
VL - 23
SP - 259
EP - 270
JO - Human Reproduction
JF - Human Reproduction
IS - 2
ER -