TY - JOUR
T1 - Infective Endocarditis
T2 - Clinical Characteristics and Echocardiographic Findings
AU - Poorzand, Hoorak
AU - Hamidi, Fatemeh
AU - Sheybani, Fereshte
AU - Ghaderi, Fereshteh
AU - Fazlinezhad, Afsoon
AU - Alimi, Hedieh
AU - Bigdelu, Leila
AU - Khosravi Bizhaem, Saeede
N1 - Funding Information: This research was conducted with funding support from the vice-chancellery for research of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Research Project Number 971829). Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Poorzand, Hamidi, Sheybani, Ghaderi, Fazlinezhad, Alimi, Bigdelu and Khosravi Bizhaem.
PY - 2022/4/4
Y1 - 2022/4/4
N2 - Purpose: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a disease with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and echocardiographic features of patients with IE. Methods: We analyzed patients with either definitive or probable diagnosis of IE who were hospitalized in a teaching hospital in Mashhad, Iran between June 2011 and January 2020. Patients who survived were followed up by echocardiography for at least 6-month after hospital discharge. Results: A total of 82 cases with IE were included of which 62 (75.6%) received definitive diagnosis. The mean age was 39.7 ± 18.7 years and 52 (63.4%) were male. The most common preexisting structural cardiac abnormality that predispose patients to IE were congenital heart diseases (28 %) of which bicuspid aortic valve was more common (n = 12, 14.6%), followed by ventricular septal defect (n = 9, 11%) and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (n = 2, 2.4%). Three (3.6 %) cases had rheumatic heart disease and 12 (14.6 %) were injecting drug users. The most common causative pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, detected in 7 (19.4%) cases. Follow-up echocardiography revealed right or left ventricular failure in 10 (12.1%) cases. Cardiac complications occurred in 41 (50%) cases and systemic complications in 63 (76.8%). All-cause mortality was 41.5% (n = 34) and 6 (18.1%) patients died due to cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: The short- and long-term prognosis in IE was poor and the predictors for in-hospital and 1-year mortality were defined as heart failure and septic shock. Congenital heart disease and intravenous illicit drug using (IVDU) were the most common predisposing condition which may necessitate a revision in the IE prophylaxis recommendations.
AB - Purpose: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a disease with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and echocardiographic features of patients with IE. Methods: We analyzed patients with either definitive or probable diagnosis of IE who were hospitalized in a teaching hospital in Mashhad, Iran between June 2011 and January 2020. Patients who survived were followed up by echocardiography for at least 6-month after hospital discharge. Results: A total of 82 cases with IE were included of which 62 (75.6%) received definitive diagnosis. The mean age was 39.7 ± 18.7 years and 52 (63.4%) were male. The most common preexisting structural cardiac abnormality that predispose patients to IE were congenital heart diseases (28 %) of which bicuspid aortic valve was more common (n = 12, 14.6%), followed by ventricular septal defect (n = 9, 11%) and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (n = 2, 2.4%). Three (3.6 %) cases had rheumatic heart disease and 12 (14.6 %) were injecting drug users. The most common causative pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, detected in 7 (19.4%) cases. Follow-up echocardiography revealed right or left ventricular failure in 10 (12.1%) cases. Cardiac complications occurred in 41 (50%) cases and systemic complications in 63 (76.8%). All-cause mortality was 41.5% (n = 34) and 6 (18.1%) patients died due to cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: The short- and long-term prognosis in IE was poor and the predictors for in-hospital and 1-year mortality were defined as heart failure and septic shock. Congenital heart disease and intravenous illicit drug using (IVDU) were the most common predisposing condition which may necessitate a revision in the IE prophylaxis recommendations.
KW - congenital heart disease
KW - echocardiography
KW - follow-up care
KW - infective endocarditis
KW - mortality rate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138498712&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.789624
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.789624
M3 - Article
C2 - 35445085
SN - 2297-055X
VL - 9
SP - 789624
JO - Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
JF - Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
M1 - 789624
ER -