TY - JOUR
T1 - Inflammatory dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in Italian older adults
AU - Vermeulen, Esther
AU - Brouwer, Ingeborg A.
AU - Stronks, Karien
AU - Bandinelli, Stefania
AU - Ferrucci, Luigi
AU - Visser, Marjolein
AU - Nicolaou, Mary
PY - 2018/1
Y1 - 2018/1
N2 - Background: Older adults are more susceptible to higher inflammatory levels and depression. Moreover, diet may influence inflammation as well as depression but no previous study examined whether inflammatory dietary patterns are related to depression in an older population.To investigate the longitudinal association between inflammatory dietary patterns (using reduced rank regression (RRR)) and depressive symptoms in a population sample of Italian older adults. Methods: We included 827 participants (aged. ≥. 65. years) at baseline in 1998. Follow-up measurements were collected after 3, 6 and 9. years. We used RRR to identify inflammatory dietary patterns at baseline. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms by using continuous scores and depression by using a cut-off point (CES-D. ≥. 20). Results: We identified two inflammatory dietary patterns using different sets of response variables. Dietary pattern I was related to inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α and was characterized by high intakes of refined grains, sweet snacks, pasta and rice. After full adjustment for confounders, no longitudinal association was found when comparing extreme quartiles of this dietary pattern and depressive symptoms (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: B = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.13) or depression (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.45). Dietary pattern II was related to inflammatory markers CRP, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist and was characterized by high intakes of pasta, sugar-sweetened beverages, processed meat and chocolate and sweets. When comparing extreme quartiles, this dietary pattern was not longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: B = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.05) but an inverse association was found for depression (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.94). Conclusion: Our study does not support the hypothesis that dietary patterns linked to inflammatory markers are associated with higher depressive symptoms and higher depression incidence. However, dietary intake in our population of older adults was quite homogeneous which makes it difficult to show clear associations.
AB - Background: Older adults are more susceptible to higher inflammatory levels and depression. Moreover, diet may influence inflammation as well as depression but no previous study examined whether inflammatory dietary patterns are related to depression in an older population.To investigate the longitudinal association between inflammatory dietary patterns (using reduced rank regression (RRR)) and depressive symptoms in a population sample of Italian older adults. Methods: We included 827 participants (aged. ≥. 65. years) at baseline in 1998. Follow-up measurements were collected after 3, 6 and 9. years. We used RRR to identify inflammatory dietary patterns at baseline. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms by using continuous scores and depression by using a cut-off point (CES-D. ≥. 20). Results: We identified two inflammatory dietary patterns using different sets of response variables. Dietary pattern I was related to inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α and was characterized by high intakes of refined grains, sweet snacks, pasta and rice. After full adjustment for confounders, no longitudinal association was found when comparing extreme quartiles of this dietary pattern and depressive symptoms (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: B = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.13) or depression (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.45). Dietary pattern II was related to inflammatory markers CRP, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist and was characterized by high intakes of pasta, sugar-sweetened beverages, processed meat and chocolate and sweets. When comparing extreme quartiles, this dietary pattern was not longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: B = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.05) but an inverse association was found for depression (Q1. vs Q4, model 4: OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.94). Conclusion: Our study does not support the hypothesis that dietary patterns linked to inflammatory markers are associated with higher depressive symptoms and higher depression incidence. However, dietary intake in our population of older adults was quite homogeneous which makes it difficult to show clear associations.
KW - Depressive symptoms
KW - Inflammation
KW - Inflammatory dietary patterns
KW - Older adults
KW - Reduced rank regression
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U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.005
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 28903062
SN - 0889-1591
VL - 67
SP - 290
EP - 298
JO - Brain, behavior, and immunity
JF - Brain, behavior, and immunity
ER -