TY - JOUR
T1 - Infradiaphragmatic irradiation and high procarbazine doses increase colorectal cancer risk in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors
AU - Van Eggermond, Anna M.
AU - Schaapveld, Michael
AU - Janus, Cécile P.M.
AU - De Boer, Jan Paul
AU - Krol, Augustinus Dg
AU - Zijlstra, Joseé M.
AU - Van Der Maazen, Richard W.M.
AU - Kremer, Leontien C.
AU - Van Leerdam, Monique E.
AU - Louwman, Marieke W.J.
AU - Visser, Otto
AU - De Bruin, Marie L.
AU - Aleman, Berthe M.P.
AU - Van Leeuwen, Flora E.
PY - 2017/7/25
Y1 - 2017/7/25
N2 - Background:Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are at increased risk of second malignancies, but few studies have assessed colorectal cancer (CRC) risk after HL treatment. We assessed long-term, subsite-specific CRC risk associated with specific radiation fields and chemotherapy regimens.Methods:In a Dutch cohort of 3121 5-year HL survivors treated between 1965 and 1995, subsite-specific CRC incidence was compared with general population rates. Treatment effects were quantified by Cox regression analyses.Results:After a median follow-up of 22.9 years, 55 patients developed CRC. The standardized incidence ratios (SIR) was 2.4-fold increased (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.8-3.2), leading to 5.7 excess cases per 10 000 patient-years. Risk was still increased 30 years after HL treatment (SIR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.6-4.6). The highest (SIR: 6.5, 95%CI: 3.3-11.3) was seen for transverse colon cancer (15.0 (95%CI: 4.3-40.8) after inverted-Y irradiation). A prescribed cumulative procarbazine dose >4.2 g m â '2 was associated with a 3.3-fold higher CRC risk (95%CI: 1.8-6.1) compared to treatment without procarbazine. Patients receiving >4.2 g m â '2 procarbazine and infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy had a hazard ratio of 6.8 (95%CI: 3.0-15.6) compared with patients receiving neither treatment, which is significantly higher than an additive joint effect (P additivity =0.004).Conclusions:Colorectal cancer surveillance should be considered for HL survivors who received Infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy and a high cumulative procarbazine dose.
AB - Background:Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are at increased risk of second malignancies, but few studies have assessed colorectal cancer (CRC) risk after HL treatment. We assessed long-term, subsite-specific CRC risk associated with specific radiation fields and chemotherapy regimens.Methods:In a Dutch cohort of 3121 5-year HL survivors treated between 1965 and 1995, subsite-specific CRC incidence was compared with general population rates. Treatment effects were quantified by Cox regression analyses.Results:After a median follow-up of 22.9 years, 55 patients developed CRC. The standardized incidence ratios (SIR) was 2.4-fold increased (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.8-3.2), leading to 5.7 excess cases per 10 000 patient-years. Risk was still increased 30 years after HL treatment (SIR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.6-4.6). The highest (SIR: 6.5, 95%CI: 3.3-11.3) was seen for transverse colon cancer (15.0 (95%CI: 4.3-40.8) after inverted-Y irradiation). A prescribed cumulative procarbazine dose >4.2 g m â '2 was associated with a 3.3-fold higher CRC risk (95%CI: 1.8-6.1) compared to treatment without procarbazine. Patients receiving >4.2 g m â '2 procarbazine and infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy had a hazard ratio of 6.8 (95%CI: 3.0-15.6) compared with patients receiving neither treatment, which is significantly higher than an additive joint effect (P additivity =0.004).Conclusions:Colorectal cancer surveillance should be considered for HL survivors who received Infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy and a high cumulative procarbazine dose.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85029286404&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.177
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.177
M3 - Article
C2 - 28632726
SN - 0007-0920
VL - 117
SP - 306
EP - 314
JO - British journal of cancer
JF - British journal of cancer
IS - 3
ER -