TY - JOUR
T1 - Interleukin 6 in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease
T2 - mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
AU - Kreiner, Frederik Flindt
AU - Kraaijenhof, Jordan M.
AU - von Herrath, Matthias
AU - Hovingh, G. Kees Kornelis
AU - von Scholten, Bernt Johan
N1 - Funding Information: was provided by Novo Nordisk A/S. Funding Information: F F Kreiner, M von Herrath and B J von Scholten are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk A/S. G K Hovingh reports research grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (vidi 016.156.445), CardioVascular Research Initiative, European Union and the Klinkerpad fonds, institutional research support from Aegerion, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Ionis, Kowa, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, and The Medicines Company; speaker’s bureau and consulting fees from Amgen, Aegerion, Sanofi, and Regeneron until April 2019 (fees paid to the academic institution); and part-time employment at Novo Nordisk A/S since April 2019. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Introduction: Diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are cardiometabolic diseases that remain amongst the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality. Here, we review the current understanding of how anti-inflammatory intervention via inhibition of the pro-inflammatory but pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 may benefit patients with these or related diseases or complications. Areas covered: Based on a PubMed literature search, this review integrates and contextualizes evidence regarding the clinical utility of anti-IL-6 intervention in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, as well as of the associated condition nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis. Expert opinion: Evidence implicates the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-6 in the pathophysiology of diabetes, CKD and CVD. Thus, targeting the IL-6 pathway holds a therapeutic potential in these cardiometabolic disorders. However, because IL-6 has multiple homeostatic roles, antagonizing this cytokine may be associated with side effects, such as increased risk of infection as seen with other anti-inflammatory drugs. Additional studies are required to establish the benefit-risk profile of anti-IL-6 intervention in the cardiometabolic diseases, whilst also considering alternative interventions such as lifestyle changes. IL-6 is also elevated in NASH, but the clinical usefulness of targeting IL-6 in this hepatic disorder remains largely unexplored.
AB - Introduction: Diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are cardiometabolic diseases that remain amongst the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality. Here, we review the current understanding of how anti-inflammatory intervention via inhibition of the pro-inflammatory but pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 may benefit patients with these or related diseases or complications. Areas covered: Based on a PubMed literature search, this review integrates and contextualizes evidence regarding the clinical utility of anti-IL-6 intervention in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, as well as of the associated condition nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis. Expert opinion: Evidence implicates the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-6 in the pathophysiology of diabetes, CKD and CVD. Thus, targeting the IL-6 pathway holds a therapeutic potential in these cardiometabolic disorders. However, because IL-6 has multiple homeostatic roles, antagonizing this cytokine may be associated with side effects, such as increased risk of infection as seen with other anti-inflammatory drugs. Additional studies are required to establish the benefit-risk profile of anti-IL-6 intervention in the cardiometabolic diseases, whilst also considering alternative interventions such as lifestyle changes. IL-6 is also elevated in NASH, but the clinical usefulness of targeting IL-6 in this hepatic disorder remains largely unexplored.
KW - Cardiometabolic disease
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - diabetes
KW - interleukin 6
KW - nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125934604&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2022.2045952
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2022.2045952
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35212585
SN - 1744-666X
VL - 18
SP - 377
EP - 389
JO - Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
JF - Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
IS - 4
ER -