TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating genetic correlation and causality between nicotine dependence and ADHD in a broader psychiatric context
AU - Vink, Jacqueline M.
AU - Treur, Jorien L.
AU - Pasman, Joëlle A.
AU - Schellekens, Arnt
N1 - Funding Information: JLT is supported by a Veni grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (grant number 016.Veni.195.016) as well as the Foundation Volksbond Rotterdam. We acknowledge SURFsara for the usage of the Lisa cluster computer (supported by NWO, 15725). Funding Information: JLT is supported by a Veni grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (grant number 016.Veni.195.016) as well as the Foundation Volksbond Rotterdam. We acknowledge SURFsara for the usage of the Lisa cluster computer (supported by NWO, 15725). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or other psychiatric disorders show high rates of nicotine dependence (ND). This comorbidity might be (partly) explained by shared genetic factors. Genetic correlations between ND and ADHD (or other psychiatric disorders) have not yet been estimated. A significant genetic correlation might indicate genetic overlap, but could also reflect a causal relationship. In the present study we investigated the genetic correlation (with LD score regression analyses) between ND and ADHD, as well as between ND and other major psychiatric conditions (major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum, anorexia nervosa, and antisocial behavior) based on the summary statistics of large Genome Wide Association studies. We explored the causal nature of the relationship between ND and ADHD using two-sample Mendelian randomization. We found a high genetic correlation between ND and ADHD (rg =.53, p = 1.85 × 10−13), and to a lesser extent also between ND-major depressive disorder (rg =.42, p = 3.6 × 10−11) and ND-schizophrenia (rg =.18, p = 1.1 × 10−3). We did not find evidence for a causal relationship from liability for ADHD to ND (which could be due to a lack of power). The strong genetic correlations might reflect different phenotypic manifestations of (partly) shared underlying genetic vulnerabilities. Combined with the lack of evidence for a causal relationship from liability for ADHD to ND, these findings stress the importance to further investigate the underlying genetic vulnerability explaining co-morbidity in psychiatric disorders.
AB - People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or other psychiatric disorders show high rates of nicotine dependence (ND). This comorbidity might be (partly) explained by shared genetic factors. Genetic correlations between ND and ADHD (or other psychiatric disorders) have not yet been estimated. A significant genetic correlation might indicate genetic overlap, but could also reflect a causal relationship. In the present study we investigated the genetic correlation (with LD score regression analyses) between ND and ADHD, as well as between ND and other major psychiatric conditions (major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum, anorexia nervosa, and antisocial behavior) based on the summary statistics of large Genome Wide Association studies. We explored the causal nature of the relationship between ND and ADHD using two-sample Mendelian randomization. We found a high genetic correlation between ND and ADHD (rg =.53, p = 1.85 × 10−13), and to a lesser extent also between ND-major depressive disorder (rg =.42, p = 3.6 × 10−11) and ND-schizophrenia (rg =.18, p = 1.1 × 10−3). We did not find evidence for a causal relationship from liability for ADHD to ND (which could be due to a lack of power). The strong genetic correlations might reflect different phenotypic manifestations of (partly) shared underlying genetic vulnerabilities. Combined with the lack of evidence for a causal relationship from liability for ADHD to ND, these findings stress the importance to further investigate the underlying genetic vulnerability explaining co-morbidity in psychiatric disorders.
KW - ADHD
KW - Mendelian randomization
KW - causality
KW - genetic correlation
KW - nicotine dependence
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090775493&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32822
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32822
M3 - Article
C2 - 32909657
SN - 1552-4841
VL - 186
SP - 423
EP - 429
JO - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics
JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics
IS - 7
ER -