TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term Follow-up and Trends in Breast Augmentation in 527 Transgender Women and Nonbinary Individuals
T2 - A 30-year experience in Amsterdam
AU - Sijben, Isha
AU - Timmermans, Floyd W.
AU - Lapid, Oren
AU - Bouman, Mark Bram
AU - van der Sluis, Wouter B.
N1 - Funding Information: None. The study protocol was assessed and approved by the Ethical Review Board of the Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, and is registered under METC 2014322. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Background: Transgender women and transfeminine spectrum nonbinary individuals may opt for breast augmentation. The aim of the study is to analyze the complications, surgical trends, and long-term follow-up of breast augmentations in this population over the past 30 years. Methods: All transgender women and nonbinary individuals who underwent breast augmentation at our center between 01-1990 and 01-2020 were retrospectively identified. A retrospective chart study was conducted, recording individual demographics, implant characteristics, surgical timing, postoperative complications or other reasons requiring reoperation, and implant survival. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE on clinical outcomes and revision surgery of this procedure. Results: A total of 527 individuals were identified. Median clinical follow-up time was 11.2 years (interquartile range 3.3-17.5). Median implant size increased significantly over the last years (1990-1990 median 275cc, 2000-2009 252cc, 2010-2019 375cc, p<0.01). Most individuals underwent breast augmentation and genital gender-affirming surgery in one-stage. Reoperations due to short-term complications were infrequent (hematoma (0.4%) or infection (0.4%)). Reoperations due to long-term complications comprised: implant rupture (5.7%), capsular contracture (4.9%), aesthetic problems (3.8%), low-grade infection (0.4%), or seroma (0.6%). In total, 2.5% of individuals requested larger implants. After performing the literature search and manuscript screening, 9 out of 115 identified studies were included for review. Follow-up time ranged from 30 days to 5.5 years. Reported complications requiring reoperation were capsular contraction (range 0.0-5.6%), asymmetry (3.6%), hematoma (range 0.0-2.9%), infection (range 0.0-0.9%) and implant rupture (0.7%), Conclusion: Implant-based breast augmentation is a safe procedure in transgender individuals.
AB - Background: Transgender women and transfeminine spectrum nonbinary individuals may opt for breast augmentation. The aim of the study is to analyze the complications, surgical trends, and long-term follow-up of breast augmentations in this population over the past 30 years. Methods: All transgender women and nonbinary individuals who underwent breast augmentation at our center between 01-1990 and 01-2020 were retrospectively identified. A retrospective chart study was conducted, recording individual demographics, implant characteristics, surgical timing, postoperative complications or other reasons requiring reoperation, and implant survival. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE on clinical outcomes and revision surgery of this procedure. Results: A total of 527 individuals were identified. Median clinical follow-up time was 11.2 years (interquartile range 3.3-17.5). Median implant size increased significantly over the last years (1990-1990 median 275cc, 2000-2009 252cc, 2010-2019 375cc, p<0.01). Most individuals underwent breast augmentation and genital gender-affirming surgery in one-stage. Reoperations due to short-term complications were infrequent (hematoma (0.4%) or infection (0.4%)). Reoperations due to long-term complications comprised: implant rupture (5.7%), capsular contracture (4.9%), aesthetic problems (3.8%), low-grade infection (0.4%), or seroma (0.6%). In total, 2.5% of individuals requested larger implants. After performing the literature search and manuscript screening, 9 out of 115 identified studies were included for review. Follow-up time ranged from 30 days to 5.5 years. Reported complications requiring reoperation were capsular contraction (range 0.0-5.6%), asymmetry (3.6%), hematoma (range 0.0-2.9%), infection (range 0.0-0.9%) and implant rupture (0.7%), Conclusion: Implant-based breast augmentation is a safe procedure in transgender individuals.
KW - Breast
KW - Breast implants
KW - Clinical outcomes
KW - Gender Dysphoria
KW - Transgender
KW - augmentation mammaplasty
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106349777&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.107
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.107
M3 - Article
C2 - 34020905
SN - 1748-6815
VL - 74
SP - 3158
EP - 3167
JO - Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
JF - Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
IS - 11
ER -