TY - JOUR
T1 - Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 humoral response in MS patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination
AU - van Dam, Koos P. J.
AU - Hogenboom, Laura
AU - Stalman, Eileen W.
AU - Kummer, Laura Y. L.
AU - Steenhuis, Maurice
AU - Keijser, Jim B. D.
AU - Brinke, Anja ten
AU - van Ham, S. Marieke
AU - Kuijpers, Taco W.
AU - Rispens, Theo
AU - the T2B! immunity against SARS-CoV-2 study group
AU - Wieske, Luuk
AU - Eftimov, Filip
AU - Strijbis, Eva M.
AU - Killestein, Joep
AU - van Kempen, Zoé L. E.
AU - T2B! immunity against SARS-CoV-2 study group
N1 - Funding Information: We are very grateful to the Dutch MS Research Foundation for funding the COMS-19 study (grant 20-005 PP) and for ZonMw (The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development) for funding the T2B! study (Grant No. 10430072010007). Both sponsors had no role in the design, analyses, or reporting of the study. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 van Dam, Hogenboom, Stalman, Kummer, Steenhuis, Keijser, Brinke, van Ham, Kuijpers, Rispens, Wieske, Eftimov, Strijbis, Killestein and van Kempen.
PY - 2022/11/10
Y1 - 2022/11/10
N2 - Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, certain disease modifying therapies (DMTs) used in multiple sclerosis (MS), such as anti-CD20 therapies, have been associated with decreased humoral responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Hybrid immunity, referring to immunity after both vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection might increase humoral responses. Methods: This was a substudy of two prospective cohort studies on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. RBD-specific IgG titers of patients with MS and healthy controls who had experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to the first vaccination were compared with those patients and healthy controls without prior infection. Humoral responses were measured at various time points after SARS-CoV-2 infection in convalescent patients and all patients prior to the first vaccination, 28 days after the first vaccination, and 28 days after the second vaccination. Results: One hundred and two individuals [of which 34 patients with MS and DMTs (natalizumab or ocrelizumab), 30 patients without DMTs, and 38 healthy controls] were included. Fifty one of these individuals were convalescent. Median SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were higher after the first vaccination in convalescent individuals compared with individuals without infection prior to vaccination. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers were comparable after the second vaccination in patients with MS with and without prior infection. However, in the convalescent ocrelizumab-treated patients, SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers did not increase after vaccinations. Conclusion: In patients with MS without anti-CD20 therapies, SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination increases humoral responses after the first vaccination, similar to the healthy controls. In patients with MS treated with ocrelizumab (convalescent and non-convalescent), humoral responses remained low.
AB - Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, certain disease modifying therapies (DMTs) used in multiple sclerosis (MS), such as anti-CD20 therapies, have been associated with decreased humoral responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Hybrid immunity, referring to immunity after both vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection might increase humoral responses. Methods: This was a substudy of two prospective cohort studies on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. RBD-specific IgG titers of patients with MS and healthy controls who had experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to the first vaccination were compared with those patients and healthy controls without prior infection. Humoral responses were measured at various time points after SARS-CoV-2 infection in convalescent patients and all patients prior to the first vaccination, 28 days after the first vaccination, and 28 days after the second vaccination. Results: One hundred and two individuals [of which 34 patients with MS and DMTs (natalizumab or ocrelizumab), 30 patients without DMTs, and 38 healthy controls] were included. Fifty one of these individuals were convalescent. Median SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were higher after the first vaccination in convalescent individuals compared with individuals without infection prior to vaccination. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers were comparable after the second vaccination in patients with MS with and without prior infection. However, in the convalescent ocrelizumab-treated patients, SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers did not increase after vaccinations. Conclusion: In patients with MS without anti-CD20 therapies, SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination increases humoral responses after the first vaccination, similar to the healthy controls. In patients with MS treated with ocrelizumab (convalescent and non-convalescent), humoral responses remained low.
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - disease modifying treatment
KW - humoral response
KW - multiple sclerosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142930125&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1032830
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1032830
M3 - Article
C2 - 36438945
SN - 1664-2295
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
JF - Frontiers in Neurology
M1 - 1032830
ER -