TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers.
AU - Gibbs, S.
N1 - Funding Information: This project is funded by the faculty of Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry in Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Free University of Amsterdam. Parts of the image in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were drawn by using pictures from Servier Medical Art. Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2023/4/26
Y1 - 2023/4/26
N2 - Introduction: The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is not only associated with periodontitis but also with systemic diseases elsewhere in the body. The mechanisms by which P. gingivalis travels from the oral cavity to other organs in the body are largely unknown. This review describes the four putative mechanisms supported by experimental evidence, which enable translocation of P. gingivalis over the oral mucosa, endothelial barriers and subsequent dissemination into the bloodstream. Mechanisms: The first mechanism: proteolytic enzymes secreted by P. gingivalis degrade adhesion molecules between tissue cells, and the extracellular matrix. This weakens the structural integrity of the mucosa and allows P. gingivalis to penetrate the tissue. The second is transcytosis: bacteria actively enter tissue cells and transfer to the next layer or the extracellular space. By travelling from cell to cell, P. gingivalis reaches deeper structures. Thirdly, professional phagocytes take up P. gingivalis and travel to the bloodstream where P. gingivalis is released. Lastly, P. gingivalis can adhere to the hyphae forming Candida albicans. These hyphae can penetrate the mucosal tissue, which may allow P. gingivalis to reach deeper structures. Conclusion: More research could elucidate targets to inhibit P. gingivalis dissemination and prevent the onset of various systemic diseases.
AB - Introduction: The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is not only associated with periodontitis but also with systemic diseases elsewhere in the body. The mechanisms by which P. gingivalis travels from the oral cavity to other organs in the body are largely unknown. This review describes the four putative mechanisms supported by experimental evidence, which enable translocation of P. gingivalis over the oral mucosa, endothelial barriers and subsequent dissemination into the bloodstream. Mechanisms: The first mechanism: proteolytic enzymes secreted by P. gingivalis degrade adhesion molecules between tissue cells, and the extracellular matrix. This weakens the structural integrity of the mucosa and allows P. gingivalis to penetrate the tissue. The second is transcytosis: bacteria actively enter tissue cells and transfer to the next layer or the extracellular space. By travelling from cell to cell, P. gingivalis reaches deeper structures. Thirdly, professional phagocytes take up P. gingivalis and travel to the bloodstream where P. gingivalis is released. Lastly, P. gingivalis can adhere to the hyphae forming Candida albicans. These hyphae can penetrate the mucosal tissue, which may allow P. gingivalis to reach deeper structures. Conclusion: More research could elucidate targets to inhibit P. gingivalis dissemination and prevent the onset of various systemic diseases.
KW - Porphyromonas gingivalis
KW - blood dissemination
KW - oral mucosa
KW - periodontitis
KW - translocation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85158060188&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2023.2205291
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2023.2205291
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37124549
SN - 2041-1006
VL - 15
SP - 458
EP - 463
JO - Molecular Oral Microbiology
JF - Molecular Oral Microbiology
IS - 1
M1 - 2205291
ER -