TY - JOUR
T1 - Mental health up to 12 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study
T2 - A prospective cohort study
AU - Verveen, A.
AU - Wynberg, E.
AU - van Willigen, H.D.G.
AU - Davidovich, Udi
AU - Lok, A.
AU - Moll Van Charante, E.P.
AU - de Jong, M.D.
AU - de Bree, G.J.
AU - Prins, M.
AU - Knoop, J.A.
AU - Nieuwkerk, P.T.
N1 - Funding Information: This publication is part of the project “Long-term mental health trajectories in recovered COVID-19 patients: exploring the interplay of psychosocial and biological factors affecting health-related quality of life” with project number 10430032010010 of the research programme COVID-19, financed by Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) . It is also part of the project RECoVERED with project number 10150062010002 of the research programme Infectieziektebestrijding 3 2019–2023 which is financed by ZonMw. This work was additionally supported by the Public Health Service of Amsterdam [Research & Development grant number 21-14 and 22-09 ]. HK received additional funding from “ReCOVer: A Randomised Controlled Trial testing the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for preventing chronic post-infectious fatigue among patients diagnosed with COVID-19” with project number 10430012010025 of the research programme COVID-19, financed by ZonMw . Publisher Copyright: © 2023
PY - 2023/12/1
Y1 - 2023/12/1
N2 - Objective: To investigate to what extent individuals report clinically relevant levels of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and concentration problems up to 12 months following COVID-19 symptom onset, using validated questionnaires. Methods: RECoVERED, a prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, enrolled both hospitalized and community-dwelling adult participants diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following illness onset. The DSM-V PTSD checklist was administered at month 3 and 9. Concentration problems were assessed using the Checklist Individual Strength concentration subscale at month 1 and 12. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to determine factors related with clinically relevant levels of depression-, anxiety- and PTSD-symptoms and concentration problems over time. Results: In 303 individuals, the prevalence of clinically relevant symptoms of depression, anxiety and concentration problems was 10.6% (95%CI = 7.2–15.4), 7.0% (95%CI = 4.4–11.2) and 33.6% (95%CI = 27.7–40.1), respectively, twelve months after infection. Nine months after illness onset, 4.2% (95%CI = 2.3–7.7) scored within the clinical range of PTSD. Risk factors for an increased likelihood of reporting mental health problems during follow up included initial severe/critical COVID-19, non-Dutch origin, psychological problems prior to COVID-19 and being infected during the first COVID-19 wave. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that a minority of patients with COVID-19 face clinically relevant symptoms of depression, anxiety or PTSD up to 12 months after infection. The prevalence of concentration problems was high. This study contributes to the identification of specific groups for which support after initial illness is indicated.
AB - Objective: To investigate to what extent individuals report clinically relevant levels of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and concentration problems up to 12 months following COVID-19 symptom onset, using validated questionnaires. Methods: RECoVERED, a prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, enrolled both hospitalized and community-dwelling adult participants diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following illness onset. The DSM-V PTSD checklist was administered at month 3 and 9. Concentration problems were assessed using the Checklist Individual Strength concentration subscale at month 1 and 12. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to determine factors related with clinically relevant levels of depression-, anxiety- and PTSD-symptoms and concentration problems over time. Results: In 303 individuals, the prevalence of clinically relevant symptoms of depression, anxiety and concentration problems was 10.6% (95%CI = 7.2–15.4), 7.0% (95%CI = 4.4–11.2) and 33.6% (95%CI = 27.7–40.1), respectively, twelve months after infection. Nine months after illness onset, 4.2% (95%CI = 2.3–7.7) scored within the clinical range of PTSD. Risk factors for an increased likelihood of reporting mental health problems during follow up included initial severe/critical COVID-19, non-Dutch origin, psychological problems prior to COVID-19 and being infected during the first COVID-19 wave. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that a minority of patients with COVID-19 face clinically relevant symptoms of depression, anxiety or PTSD up to 12 months after infection. The prevalence of concentration problems was high. This study contributes to the identification of specific groups for which support after initial illness is indicated.
KW - Anxiety
KW - COVID-19
KW - Concentration problems
KW - Depression
KW - Mental health
KW - PTSD
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174040350&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111520
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111520
M3 - Article
C2 - 37852167
SN - 0022-3999
VL - 175
JO - Journal of psychosomatic research
JF - Journal of psychosomatic research
M1 - 111520
ER -