TY - JOUR
T1 - Microvasculature and intraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerotic carotid lesions
T2 - A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study
AU - Crombag, Geneviève A. J. C.
AU - Schreuder, Floris H. B. M.
AU - van Hoof, Raf H. M.
AU - Truijman, Martine T. B.
AU - Wijnen, Nicky J. A.
AU - Vöö, Stefan A.
AU - Nelemans, Patty J.
AU - Heeneman, Sylvia
AU - Nederkoorn, Paul J.
AU - Daemen, Jan-Willem H.
AU - Daemen, Mat J. A. P.
AU - Mess, Werner H.
AU - Wildberger, J. E.
AU - van Oostenbrugge, Robert J.
AU - Kooi, M. Eline
PY - 2019/3/4
Y1 - 2019/3/4
N2 - Background: The presence of intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH) has been related to plaque rupture, is associated with plaque progression, and predicts cerebrovascular events. However, the mechanisms leading to IPH are not fully understood. The dominant view is that IPH is caused by leakage of erythrocytes from immature microvessels. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between atherosclerotic plaque microvasculature and presence of IPH in a relatively large prospective cohort study of patients with symptomatic carotid plaque. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two symptomatic patients with ≥2 mm carotid plaque underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of the symptomatic carotid plaque for detection of IPH and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-CMR for assessment of plaque microvasculature. K trans , an indicator of microvascular flow, density and leakiness, was estimated using pharmacokinetic modelling in the vessel wall and adventitia. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent samples T-test and binary logistic regression, correcting for clinical risk factors. Results: A decreased vessel wall K trans was found for IPH positive patients (0.051 ± 0.011 min - 1 versus 0.058 ± 0.017 min - 1 , p = 0.001). No significant difference in adventitial K trans was found in patients with and without IPH (0.057 ± 0.012 min - 1 and 0.057 ± 0.018 min - 1 , respectively). Histological analysis in a subgroup of patients that underwent carotid endarterectomy demonstrated no significant difference in relative microvessel density between plaques without IPH (n = 8) and plaques with IPH (n = 15) (0.000333 ± 0.0000707 vs. and 0.000289 ± 0.0000439, p = 0.585). Conclusions: A reduced vessel wall K trans is found in the presence of IPH. Thus, we did not find a positive association between plaque microvasculature and IPH several weeks after a cerebrovascular event. Not only leaky plaque microvessels, but additional factors may contribute to IPH development. Trial registration: NCT01208025. Registration date September 23, 2010. Retrospectively registered (first inclusion September 21, 2010). NCT01709045, date of registration October 17, 2012. Retrospectively registered (first inclusion August 23, 2011).
AB - Background: The presence of intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH) has been related to plaque rupture, is associated with plaque progression, and predicts cerebrovascular events. However, the mechanisms leading to IPH are not fully understood. The dominant view is that IPH is caused by leakage of erythrocytes from immature microvessels. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between atherosclerotic plaque microvasculature and presence of IPH in a relatively large prospective cohort study of patients with symptomatic carotid plaque. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two symptomatic patients with ≥2 mm carotid plaque underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of the symptomatic carotid plaque for detection of IPH and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-CMR for assessment of plaque microvasculature. K trans , an indicator of microvascular flow, density and leakiness, was estimated using pharmacokinetic modelling in the vessel wall and adventitia. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent samples T-test and binary logistic regression, correcting for clinical risk factors. Results: A decreased vessel wall K trans was found for IPH positive patients (0.051 ± 0.011 min - 1 versus 0.058 ± 0.017 min - 1 , p = 0.001). No significant difference in adventitial K trans was found in patients with and without IPH (0.057 ± 0.012 min - 1 and 0.057 ± 0.018 min - 1 , respectively). Histological analysis in a subgroup of patients that underwent carotid endarterectomy demonstrated no significant difference in relative microvessel density between plaques without IPH (n = 8) and plaques with IPH (n = 15) (0.000333 ± 0.0000707 vs. and 0.000289 ± 0.0000439, p = 0.585). Conclusions: A reduced vessel wall K trans is found in the presence of IPH. Thus, we did not find a positive association between plaque microvasculature and IPH several weeks after a cerebrovascular event. Not only leaky plaque microvessels, but additional factors may contribute to IPH development. Trial registration: NCT01208025. Registration date September 23, 2010. Retrospectively registered (first inclusion September 21, 2010). NCT01709045, date of registration October 17, 2012. Retrospectively registered (first inclusion August 23, 2011).
KW - Atherosclerosis
KW - Cardiovascular Disease
KW - Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke
KW - DCE-MRI
KW - Intraplaque hemorrhage
KW - Ischemic stroke
KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
KW - Microvasculature
KW - Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062413961&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-019-0524-9
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-019-0524-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 30832656
SN - 1097-6647
VL - 21
JO - Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance
JF - Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance
IS - 1
M1 - 15
ER -